Specific mass increment and nonequilibrium crystal growth

Unsteady nonequilibrium crystallization of ammonium chloride from an aqueous solution resulting in the formation of irregular, so-called seaweed, structures is experimentally investigated. It is shown that specific increment of mass for the coexisting structures (or parts thereof) is the same and changes with time (t)$\left(t\right)$ according to the power law a/t−b$a/t-b$, where the factor a=1.87±0.09$a=1.87\pm 0.09$ and the factor b$b$ is determined by the system relaxation time. The normalization of the power law to the total time of structure growth allows obtaining a universal law that describes the specific mass increment with time for both seaweed and dendrite structures (including the non-coexisting ones).     

Phenomenological model of nonequilibrium solidification

The maximum entropy production principle is used as a foundation for the nonequilibrium solidification theory. Based on this principle, a new simple model of dendrite solidification is proposed. The model predicts the explicit dependency of a dendrite’s rate and tip size on supercooling. The obtained results are devoid of the contradictions of the previous models and show quantitative agreement with the recent experimental data for the SCN dendrite.     

Selection criterion for the growing dendritic tip in a non-isothermal binary system under forced convective flow

A free dendrite growth during solidification into external forced flow is analyzed using a sharp interface model. A criterion for selection of the stable growth mode is derived for the axisymmetric dendrite growing into non-isothermal binary system under convective flow. The criterion obtained rallies analytic results for dendrite growth under forced convection in a pure system [Ph. Bouissou, P. Pelce, Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989) 6673] and dendrite growth in a stagnant binary system [M. Ben Amar, P. Pelce, Phys. Rev. A 39 (1989) 4263].     

高通量微区扫描EDXRF仪器设计

用多毛细管X射线透镜做光源的微区扫描型EDXRF仪器,围绕出射焦斑对称放置4～6个SDD探测器,设计软件控制X射线管、多个探测器、高精度移动平台,同时进行数据采集、信号同步和结果分析,从而开发完成NX-mapping高通量微区扫描型EDXRF仪器。由于多探测器的采用,该仪器的信号强度得到数倍的提升,且稳定性没有因为器件间的差异而变差,同等条件,同等用时的情况下,测试标准偏差降为单探测器时的不足40%。均匀样品2 mm×2 mm面扫描时,400个点的测试标准偏差与定点测试无差异,说明运动机构和控制算法表现优异,不会对测试结果产生影响。对于微区扫描仪器的焦斑尺寸,用“荧光刀口实验”的方法,对Fe,Ni和Mo元素进行了测试,测得三种元素的有效焦斑尺寸最小值分别为52.4,49.3和39.03 μm,各元素有效焦斑尺寸随原子序数的增加而减小,这与多毛细管X射线透镜的设计原理相符;实验还发现了各元素焦斑有效尺寸在极小值处对高度变化较为敏感的规律,因此建议为了得到统一清晰的扫描图像,要保持样品表面的平整。最后用NX-mapping仪器对某单晶高温合金样品的Ni,Ta,W和Re元素进行扫描和分布分析,图像清晰,枝晶结构明显可辨,并且其中Ni∶Ka特征线强度高达220 kcps,明显高于普通的XRF测试。在NX-mapping微区扫描型EDXRF仪器中,由于多探测器的采用,信号强度高,测试精密度好,随之测试时间可以缩短,因此可以满足高通量测试的需求。     

Dry sliding wear behavior of TIG welding clad WC composite coatings

In this study, melted tungsten carbide powders on the surface of AISI 4340 steel was applied by using tungsten inert gas (TIG) method. It was observed that it has been solidified in different microstructures depending on the production parameters. As a result of microstructure examinations, in the surface modified layers an eutectic and dendrite solidification was observed together with WC, W₂C phases. In the layer produced, the hardness values varied between 950 and 1200 HV. The minimum mass loss was observed in the sample, which was treated in 1.209 mm/s production rate, 0.5 g/s powder feed rate and 13.9 kJ/cm heat input.     

Dendrite上可扩Z~2作用的非存在性

1990年,Kato证明了Dendrite上不存在可扩同胚．本文证明了Dendrite上不存在可扩Z2作用．该结果回答了作者所提的一个问题,也推广了Kato的上述结论．     

金属电沉积过程中的分形研究

概要地介绍了分形的概念，分形的模型，以及分形与电化学结合在一起，所构成凝聚体电化学生长的实验内容，文章着重叙述了分形在电沉枝晶中的应用。     

双向脉冲充电法对锂枝晶生成的抑制

采用双向脉冲电流充电方法取代传统的直流电充电方法, 研究了金属锂电极在有机电解液1 mol•L−1 LiPF6/碳酸乙烯酯(EC):二甲基碳酸脂(DMC)(1:1, V/V)中的充电过程. 锂电极的表面变化通过原位显微镜观测和交流阻抗谱进行检测. 原位显微镜观测结果显示, 在直流充电时锂电极上明显地出现了枝晶, 而在双向脉冲充电时, 枝晶的产生和生长受到了抑制. 交流阻抗谱结果显示在双向脉冲充电下, 锂电极的表面积增长较直流充电时缓慢. 这种抑制枝晶生长, 稳定锂沉积的新充电方法有望用于锂阳极二次电池.     

Effect of a vertical magnetic field on the dendrite morphology during Bridgman crystal growth of Al–4.5 wt% Cu

The effect of a vertical high magnetic field (up to 10 T) on the dendrite morphology has been investigated during Bridgman growth of Al–4.5 wt%Cu alloys experimentally. It is found that the field causes disorder in dendrites and their tilt in orientation. Along with the increase of the magnetic field and decrease of the growth velocity, the dendrites became broken and orientated in 1 1 1 along the direction of solidification instead of 1 0 0. The field also enlarged the primary dendrite spacing and promoted the branching of the dendrites to form high-order arms. Above phenomena are attributed to the thermoelectromagnetic convection effect and orientation caused by the high magnetic field.     

Non-wandering sets of the powers of dendrite maps

Let(X, d) be a metric space and f be a continuous map from X to X. Denote by EP(f)and Ω(f) the sets of eventually periodic points and non-wandering points of f, respectively. It is well known that for a tree map f, the following statements hold:(1) If x ∈Ω(f)-Ω(f~n) for some n ≥ 2,then x ∈ EP(f).(2) Ω(f) is contained in the closure of EP(f). The aim of this note is to show that the above results do not hold for maps of dendrites D with Card(End(D)) = ?0(the cardinal number of the set of positive integers).