Popper's Experiment and Conditional Uncertainty Relations

Application of the uncertainty principle to conditional measurements is investigated and found to be valid for measurements on separated sub-systems. In light of this, an apparent violation of the uncertainty principle obtained by Kim and Shih in their realization of Popper's experiment [1] is explained through analogy with a simple optical system.     

由多模奇偶相干态组成的第种四态叠加多模叠加态光场的等阶N次方Y压缩

本文根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模复共轭奇相干态与多模复共轭偶相干态所组成的第Ⅱ种四态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q.利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q的等阶N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:1)多模叠加态光场|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q中,压缩阶数N为偶数时,只存在等阶N-Y最小测不准态;2)多模叠加态光场|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q,在压缩阶数为奇数时,随着腔模总数q、态间相位差(θ_e-θ_o)、各模初相位φ_j以及态的几率幅值r_e和r_o及平均光子数R_j²等取不同的组合定值时,可呈现以下几种状态:①等阶N-Y最小测不准态、②“半相干态”、③“半压缩态”;3)本文构造的多模叠加态|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q与文献17、18研究的多模叠加态|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅰ>_q在相同的条件下呈现出完全相同的压缩特性,故态|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅱ>_q与态|Ψ_o,e⁽⁴⁾Ⅰ>_q之间存在着“压缩简并”现象.     

Traceability and uncertainty – A comparison of their application in chemical and physical measurement

 Establishment of the traceability and the evaluation of the uncertainty of the result of a measurement are essential in order to establish its comparability and fitness for purpose. There are both similarities and differences in the way that the concepts of traceability and uncertainty have been utilised in physical and chemical measurement. The International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) have only in the last decade set up programmes in chemical metrology similar to those that have been in existence for physical metrology for over a century. However, analytical chemists over that same period have also developed techniques, based on the concepts of traceability and uncertainty, to ensure that their results are comparable and fit for purpose. This paper contrasts these developments in physical and chemical metrology and identifies areas where these two disciplines can learn from each other.     

综合处理专家意见的MABM方法

本文以不确定性信息处理的数学理论为基础.给出了多智能体系统(MAS)不确定性结论合成的一般方法.即MABM方法,使合成结论的可信性具有理论论据.     

卡氏法自动水分滴定仪的校准

介绍DL系列卡氏法自动水分滴定仪的校准方法,提出了须校准的项目及其技术要求,并对示值误差测量结果的不确定度进行了分析评定,得出示值误差测量结果的不确定度为U95＝1．5％,有效自由度υeff=21。     

差示扫描量热法测量纯度的不确定度分析

依据JJF1059-1999分析了差示扫描量热法测量纯度的不确定度。以美国PE公司的DSC-2C型差示扫描量热仪为例,该方法测量苯纯度的提高扩展不确定度为0.11%。     

不确定度优于0.035%的绝对光谱响应率标准探测器

讨论了由无窗硅光电二极管构成的反射式陷阱探测器的设计方案和工作原理 ,通过实验测试证明它具有良好的线性、空间响应均匀性、偏振非敏感性和稳定性。在可见波段的7个激光波长上（488nm-786nm),通过低温辐射计标定了陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应率,不确定度小于0.035%,比现有的标准辐射源的精度提高了约2个量级,证明其可以作为高精度的绝对光谱响应率标准探测器。     

地下水中溶解性固体总量测量不确定度的评定

分析重量法测量地下水中溶解性固体总量测量不确定度的来源,评定了地下水中溶解性固体总量的测量不确定度,在各不确定度分量中,称量及滴定液消耗体积引入的不确定度较大。     

土壤中铅的测量不确定度的评定

对依次用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸消解土壤样品后直接用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中铅含量的过程,从标准溶液、样品称量、消解、定容、校正曲线和分析仪器等方面分析误差来源,计算求得合成相对标准不确定度为4．6％,扩展不确定度为9．2％。     

Measures of uncertainty for imprecise probabilities: An axiomatic approach

The aim of this paper is to formalize, within a broad range of theories of imprecise probabilities, the notion of a total, aggregate measure of uncertainty and its various disaggregations into measures of nonspecificity and conflict. As a framework for facilitating this aim, we introduce a system of well-justified axiomatic requirements for such measures. It is shown that these requirements can be equivalently defined for belief functions and credal sets. Some important consequences are then derived within this framework, which clarify the role of various uncertainty measures proposed in the literature. Moreover, some well-defined new open problems for future research also emerge from the introduced framework.