气相色谱法测定酱油中山梨酸的测量不确定度评定

按照GB/T5009.29-2003中山梨酸含量测定方法,对测量结果的不确定度来源如标准溶液浓度、校准曲线参数、样品稀释等进行了分析,对各不确定度分量进行了评定和量化。气相色谱法测定酱油中山梨酸相对扩展不确定度为0.56%。     

Excel在线性回归法测量不确定度评定中的应用

介绍了如何使用Excel电子表格进行线性回归法求得测量结果的不确定度评定,可方便地获得任一测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

Adaptive approach for nonlinear sensitivity analysis of reaction kinetics

We present a unified approach for linear and nonlinear sensitivity analysis for models of reaction kinetics that are stated in terms of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The approach is based on the reformulation of the ODE problem as a density transport problem described by a Fokker-Planck equation. The resulting multidimensional partial differential equation is herein solved by extending the TRAIL algorithm originally introduced by Horenko and Weiser in the context of molecular dynamics (J. Comp. Chem. 2003, 24, 1921) and discussed it in comparison with Monte Carlo techniques. The extended TRAIL approach is fully adaptive and easily allows to study the influence of nonlinear dynamical effects. We illustrate the scheme in application to an enzyme-substrate model problem for sensitivity analysis w.r.t. to initial concentrations and parameter values.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定橡胶制品中多环芳烃（蒽）含量不确定度评定

目的对气相色谱-质谱联用仪法测定橡胶制品中多环芳烃（蒽）含量不确定度进行评定,确定影响不确定度的关键因素。方法依据《ZEK01.4-2008 GS认证过程中PAHs的测试和验证》,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪法测定橡胶制品中多环芳烃（蒽）含量,并对结果的不确定度进行评定,分析影响测量不确定度的各个因素,对各个分量进行计算和合成。结果扩展不确定度U=5.7 mg/kg,置信概率95%。结论该实验的不确定度主要影响因素是曲线校准。     

Measurement techniques for mercury species in ambient air

This review critically evaluates the measurement methodologies most commonly employed for the analysis of the various forms of mercury (Hg) in air. Emphasis is given to the three most common forms of mercury in air [i.e. gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, Hg⁰), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particle-bound mercury (Hg_p)]. Moreover, we also briefly describe methods dealing with gas-phase analysis of organic mercury species (e.g., mostly methyl mercury), as they are also reported to be present in air on rare occasions. To begin with, we describe the approaches to sampling airborne mercury species and associated sample-treatment strategies. We evaluate both conventional and emerging alternative detection techniques for different mercury forms with respect to their applicability in airborne mercury analysis. We also discuss the artifacts and the biases associated with analysis of different mercury species. Finally, the review summarizes current methodological developments for the determination of mercury in air and highlights future prospects for improvements.     

植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯含量测定结果的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 21911–2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》,采用GPC净化在线浓缩、气相色谱–质谱法测定植物油中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。参照JJF1059–1999《测量不确定度的评定与表示》,以测定花生油中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)为例,对整个测量过程中不确定度的来源进行了分析,并对不确定度各个分量进行了评定和合成,取包含因子k=2(约95%置信概率),花生油中DEHP含量为11.8 mg/kg时,扩展不确定度U=1.2 mg/kg。结果表明,随机效应和曲线拟合是影响邻苯二甲酸酯检测过程中的主要因素。     

Uncertainty of the Thermal Conductivity Measurement Using the Transient Hot Wire Method

This work deals with uncertainty analysis of the thermal conductivity measurement using the transient hot wire method. The characterization is made from a sample of low-density, polyethylene BRALEN SA 200-22. The utilized experimental data are obtained from the test measurements performed on the air at room temperature. The sources of measurement errors are analyzed and the uncertainty of the measured value of the thermal conductivity is evaluated. The analysis shows that in the present case the uncertainty of the thermal conductivity measurement is about ±3.3% for 68% confidence level.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of uncertainty in routine pH measurement

A procedure for estimation of measurement uncertainty of routine pH measurement (pH meter with two-point calibration, with or without automatic temperature compensation, combination glass electrode) based on the ISO method is presented. It is based on a mathematical model of pH measurement that involves nine input parameters. Altogether 14 components of uncertainty are identified and quantified. No single uncertainty estimate can be ascribed to a pH measurement procedure: the uncertainty of pH strongly depends on changes in experimental details and on the pH value itself. The uncertainty is the lowest near the isopotential point and in the center of the calibration line and can increase by a factor of 2 (depending on the details of the measurement procedure) when moving from around pH 7 to around pH 2 or 11. Therefore it is necessary to estimate the uncertainty separately for each measurement. For routine pH measurement the uncertainty cannot be significantly reduced by using more accurate standard solutions than ±0.02 pH units – the uncertainty improvement is small. A major problem in estimating the uncertainty of pH is the residual junction potential, which is almost impossible to take rigorously into account in the framework of a routine pH measurement.¹ Received: 11 August 2001 Accepted: 22 February 2002     

铬铁矿中三氧化二铬测定结果不确定度的评定

讨论了影响铬铁矿中三氧化二铬测定结果不确定度的各种因素,并评定了地质样品中三氧化二铬测定结果的不确定度.结果表明,采用硫酸亚铁铵溶液滴定方法,当样品三氧化二铬的含量为43.78％时,其扩展不确定度U=0.32％.     

Entanglement conditions for four-mode states via the uncertainty relations in conjunction with partial transposition

From the Heisenberg uncertainty relation in conjunction with partial transposition, we derive a class of inequalities for detecting entanglements in four-mode states. The sufficient conditions for bipartite entangled states are presented. We also discuss the generalization of the entanglement conditions via the Schrödinger-Robertson indeterminacy relation, which are in general stronger than those based on the Heisenberg uncertainty relation.