Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ(20 s-30 s) in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer(TWMBT) defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.     

Zr4Al2高压下热动力学性质的第一性原理研究

本文主要通过平面波赝势密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,采用了广义梯度近似（GGA）交换相关函数,研究了六角结构的Zr4Al2的EOS态方程和热动力学性质。通过采用了声子效应的准谐近似德拜模型,我们成功得到了晶胞体积V随温度以及V/V0、德拜温度Θ、热熔CV 随压强P的变化关系。另外,我们还研究了热膨胀系数α及格林参数γ随温度和压强的变化关系,计算结果表明格林参数和热膨胀系数随温度的升高而增加,但是在较高的温度下,热膨胀系数几乎不受温度的影响。     

非线性作用随空间变化的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子的规则与混沌分布

本文研究了非线性作用随空间变化的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子的规则与混沌空间分布.空间变化的凝聚体相位导致系统中存在稳定的原子流.考虑化学势为正、原子间呈排斥作用的系统,构造了系统的一级微扰通解,该通解的有界性条件包含了著名的Mel’nikov混沌判据.在系统不满足微扰条件的情况下,数值模拟表明无论凝聚原子呈混沌分布还是规则分布,原子流的增大都可以破坏凝聚原子分布的空间对称性.     

修正的BBM方程新的精确解

应用进一步修正的简单方程法对修正的 Benjamin -Bona -Mahoney (mBBM )方程进行求解,给出了mBBM方程新的精确类孤波解,取定某些参数值,便可得到精确孤波解.这种方法也可用于寻找其它常系数以及变系数非线性发展方程(组)的精确解,具有一定的普适性.     

Extended breakdown of Simpleman approximation

In this letter, we solve three-dimensional time-dependent Newton equations for atoms interacting with a ten-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulse. The ionized electron momentum distributions show a tilt angle between the distribution density peak and the main polarization axis. The tilt angle’s behavior changes with an increasing laser intensity. We show that this behavior change is directly related to the release time of the electron from the atom.