On the imaginary simple roots of the Borcherds algebra II9,1

In a recent paper [O. Bärwald, R.W. Gebert, M. Günaydin and H. Nicolai, preprint KCL-MTH-97-22, IASSNS-HEP-97/20, PSU-TH-178, AEI-029, hep-th/9703084, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys.] it was conjectured that the imaginary simple roots of the Borcherds algebra _II9,1 at level 1 are its only ones. We here propose an independent test of this conjecture, establishing its validity for all roots of norm − 8. However, the conjecture fails for roots of norm −10 and beyond, as we show by computing the simple multiplicities down to norm −24, which turn out to be remarkably small in comparison with the corresponding E₁₀ multiplicities. Our derivation is based on a modified denominator formula combining the denominator formulas for E₁₀ and _II9,1, and provides an efficient method for determining the imaginary simple roots. In addition, we compute the E₁₀ multiplicities of all roots up to height 231, including levels up to l = 6 and norms −42.     

State operators on generalizations of fuzzy structures

We enlarge the language of R?-monoids, which are a non-commutative generalizations of both MV algebras and BL algebras, by adding a unary operation that describes algebraic properties of a state (= an analog of probability measures). The resulting algebras are called stateR?-monoids and state-morphismR?-monoids. We present basic properties of such algebras. We describe subdirectly irreducible algebras, some generators of the varieties of state-morphism R?-monoids, and an interplay between states and state operators.     

Partition Complete Boolean Algebras and Almost Compact Cardinals

For an infinite cardinal K a stronger version of K-distributivity for Boolean algebras, called k-partition completeness, is defined and investigated (e. g. every K-Suslin algebra is a K-partition complete Boolean algebra). It is shown that every k-partition complete Boolean algebra is K-weakly representable, and for strongly inaccessible K these concepts coincide. For regular K ≥ u, it is proved that an atomless K-partition complete Boolean algebra is an updirected union of basic K-tree algebras. Using K-partition completeness, the concept of γ-almost compactness is introduced for γ ≥ K. For strongly inaccessible K we show that K is K-almost compact iff K is weakly compact, and if K is 2^K-almost compact, then K is measurable. Further K is strongly compact iff it is γ-almost compact for all γ ≥ K.     

Cyclic Homology of Hopf Algebras

A cyclic cohomology theory adapted to Hopf algebras has been introduced recently by Connes and Moscovici. In this paper, we consider this object in the homological framework, in the spirit of Loday and Quillen and Karoubi's work on the cyclic homology of associative algebras. In the case of group algebras, we interpret the decomposition of the classical cyclic homology of a group algebra in terms of this homology. We also compute both cyclic homologies for truncated quiver algebras.     

Recollements of extension algebras

Let A be a finite-dimensional algebra over arbitrary base field k. We prove: if the unbounded derived module category D-(Mod-A) admits symmetric recollement relative to unbounded derived module categories of two finite-dimensional k-algebras B and C:D- (Mod - B) D-(Mod - A) D-(Mod - C),then the unbounded derived module category D-(Mod - T(A)) admits symmetric recollement relative to the unbounded derived module categories of T(B) and T(C):D-(Mod - T(B)) D-(Mod - T(A)) D-(Mod -T(C)).     

The Novikov Conjecture for Low Degree Cohomology Classes

We outline a twisted analogue of the Mishchenko–Kasparov approach to prove the Novikov conjecture on the homotopy invariance of the higher signatures. Using our approach, we give a new and simple proof of the homotopy invariance of the higher signatures associated to all cohomology classes of the classifying space that belong to the subring of the cohomology ring of the classifying space that is generated by cohomology classes of degree less than or equal to 2, a result that was first established by Connes and Gromov and Moscovici using other methods. A key new ingredient is the construction of a tautological C* _r (, )-bundle and connection, which can be used to construct a C* _r (, )-index that lies in the Grothendieck group of C* _r (, ), where is a multiplier on the discrete group corresponding to a degree 2 cohomology class. We also utilise a main result of Hilsum and Skandalis to establish our theorem.     

On the spectral norm of algebraic numbers

In this paper we continue to study the spectral norms and their completions ([4]) in the case of the algebraic closure $ \overline {\mathbb Q} $ of ? in ?. Let $ \widetilde{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}} $ be the completion of $ \overline {\mathbb Q} $ relative to the spectral norm. We prove that $ \widetilde{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}} $ can be identified with the R‐subalgebra of all symmetric functions of C(G), where C(G) denotes the ?‐Banach algebra of all continuous functions defined on the absolute Galois group G = Gal$ {\overline {\mathbb Q}} / {\mathbb Q} $. We prove that any compact, closed to conjugation subset of ? is the pseudo‐orbit of a suitable element of $ \widetilde{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}} $. We also prove that the topological closure of any algebraic number field in $ \widetilde{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}} $ is of the form $\widetilde{\mathbb{Q}[x]}$ with x in $ \widetilde{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}} $.