快速瞬态传质过程中非费克效应的实验与理论研究

以ＮａＣｌ溶液和纯水快速接触质量传递过程为例,进行了快速瞬态扩散传质的实验与理 论研究。实验测定了质量传播速度与瞬态浓度分布等的变化规律,揭示了快速瞬态扩散传质所具有 的不同于经典扩散理论所描述的物理机制,并进行了相应的理论分析。结果表明,理论计算与实验 结果吻合良好,修正的Ｆｉｃｋ定律表达式能更真实的反映快速瞬态扩散传质规律。     

大电流超导材料临界电流的感应法测量

文中总结了感应法测量大电流超导材料临界电流的方法 ,叙述测量的原理及装置 ,分析对环电流进行定标时可能产生的误差及减少误差的措施 ,给出计算结果 ,并对之进行讨论     

Effects of crossed columnar defects on vortex pinning in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

To investigate the existence of a splay effect in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ (Bi-2212), vortex pinning has been studied in different configurations of strongly inclined columnar defects (75 from the c axis), installed by heavy-ion irradiation. It is shown that the symmetry of the track setting with respect to the field direction is a more influent parameter than the presence of a dispersion in the track directions. We claim that the enhanced pinning efficiency which is observed in some splayed configurations of columnar defects in Bi-2212 can be interpreted without invoking a splay effect. Received 27 December 1999     

Critical ruptures

The fracture of materials is a catastrophic phenomenon of considerable technological and scientific importance. Here, we analysed experiments designed for industrial applications in order to test the concept that, in heterogeneous materials such as fiber composites, rocks, concrete under compression and materials with large distributed residual stresses, rupture is a genuine critical point, i.e., the culmination of a self-organization of damage and cracking characterized by power law signatures. Specifically, we analyse the acoustic emissions recorded during the pressurisation of spherical tanks of kevlar or carbon fibers pre-impregnated in a resin matrix wrapped up around a thin metallic liner (steel or titanium) fabricated and instrumented by Aérospatiale-Matra Inc. These experiments are performed as part of a routine industrial procedure which tests the quality of the tanks prior to shipment. We find that the seven acoustic emission recordings of seven pressure tanks which was brought to rupture exhibit clear acceleration in agreement with a power law “divergence” expected from the critical point theory. In addition, we find strong evidence of log-periodic corrections that quantify the intermittent succession of accelerating bursts and quiescent phases of the acoustic emissions on the approach to rupture. An improved model accounting for the cross-over from the non-critical to the critical region close to the rupture point exhibits interesting predictive potential. Received 6 July 2000     

使用ZFK-500型高速摄影机对液中放电现象的摄影观察

液中放电是通过放电的方式将电能高速转化为热、光、力、声等其他形式的能量。它具有一系列独特的优点,使它广泛应用于许多领域。因此,关于液中放电的研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。我们使用ZFK-500型高速摄影机对液中放电的击穿与弧道过程、冲击波的形成与传播过程,进行了比较成功的观察。大量清晰的摄影,记录了击穿时微弱光线的光导及其在整个放电阶段的情况;记录了液中放电弧道膨胀的特点 此外,不发光现象-冲击波形成与传播过程的记录,都为液中放电的理论研究,提供了十分宝贵的科学依据。     

基于光学散射特性的失稳空间目标旋转分析

本文提出了基于光学散射特性的失稳空间目标旋转速率实验模拟方案以及数据处理方法,解决了失稳空间目标旋转速率反演的问题。实验构造了模拟真实光学观测的测试系统,使得卫星模型姿态、太阳方位、探测器观测角均与STK模拟场景相同,并模拟了低轨STSS卫星失稳条件下的探测过程,获取了多个周期的探测数据。通过频谱分析法、自相关法、交叉残差法处理实验数据,发现三种方法都可以成功反演出卫星模型的旋转速率,但交叉残差法受干扰较小,结果更准确。通过本文的工作,为今后通过光学散射特性反演真实卫星旋转速率提供了依据。     

Dynamics of two-dimensional vortex system in a strong square pinning array at the second matching field

We study the dynamics of a two-dimensional vortex system in a strong square pinning array at the second matching field. Two kinds of depinning behaviors, a continuous depinning transition at weak pinning and a discontinuous one at strong pinning, are found. We show that the two different kinds of vortex depinning transitions can be identified in transport as a function of the pinning strength and temperature. Moreover, interstitial vortex state can be probed from the transport properties of vortices.     

Research for Horizontal Parallax Only Kinoform in 3D Display

The most promising 3D display technology lies in holographic display system. Kinform, whose theoretical diffraction efficiency is 100%, is the promising type of hologram. It is found that one of the greatest obstacles to the practical application of kinoform is the computational speed. A new model to increase the computational speed is proposed to solve the problem. In the proposed model named horizontal parallax only (HPO) kinoform, the vertical parallax is omitted because the human visual system cannot perceive the vertical parallax. Therefore, the computational speed for HPO kinform is many times faster than that for full parallax kinform. In this paper, both the theoretical basis and the experimental results of HPO kinoform are discussed.     

Effects of pressure rise rate on laminar flame speed under normal and engine-relevant conditions

Laminar flame speed (LFS) is one of the most important physicochemical properties of a combustible mixture. At normal and elevated temperatures and pressures, LFS can be measured using propagating spherical flames in a closed chamber. LFS is also used in certain turbulent premixed flame modelling for combustion in spark ignition engines. Inside the closed chamber or engine, transient pressure rise occurs during the premixed flame propagation. The effects of pressure rise rate (PRR) on LFS are examined numerically in this study. One-dimensional simulations are conducted for spherical flame propagation in a closed chamber. Detailed chemistry and transport are considered. Different values of PRR at the same temperature and pressure are achieved through changing the spherical chamber size. It is found that the effect of PRR on LFS is negligible under the normal and engine-relevant conditions considered in this study. This observation is then explained through the comparison between the unsteady and convection terms in the energy equation for a premixed flame.