Optimization of STEM-HAADF Electron Tomography Reconstructions by Parameter Selection in Compressed Sensing Total Variation Minimization-Based Algorithms

A novel procedure to optimize the 3D morphological characterization of nanomaterials by means of high angle annular dark field scanning-transmission electron tomography is reported and is successfully applied to the analysis of a metal- and halogen-free ordered mesoporous carbon material. The new method is based on a selection of the two parameters (μ and β) which are key in the reconstruction of tomographic series by means of total variation minimization (TVM). The parameter-selected TVM reconstructions obtained using this approach clearly reveal the porous structure of the carbon-based material as consisting of a network of parallel, straight channels of ≈6 nm diameter ordered in a honeycomb-type arrangement. Such an unusual structure cannot be retrieved from a TVM 3D reconstruction using default reconstruction values. Moreover, segmentation and further quantification of the optimized 3D tomographic reconstruction provide values for different textural parameters, such as pore size distribution and specific pore volume that match very closely with those determined by macroscopic physisorption techniques. The approach developed can be extended to other reconstruction models in which the final result is influenced by parameter choice.     

吸收峰混叠的太赫兹光谱区间组合特征提取算法

太赫兹光谱是物质识别的前沿方法之一。由于不同物质的分子组成或结构各异,许多物质的太赫兹吸收谱会在特定频率上出现吸收峰,可以作为混合物成分检测的重要特征。有效准确地提取这些吸收峰的参数,是提高识别率的关键。多峰拟合算法将光谱曲线拟合成若干个标准峰函数之和,能够同时提取到吸收峰的频率、峰高、峰宽等信息。但是该算法以寻峰算法结果为基础确定吸收峰的大致位置和数量,寻峰结果不一定是最优的拟合结果,而且很难准确识别定位混叠状态的吸收峰。为了提高混叠光谱中吸收峰的识别定位精度,提出以大幅度平滑后的曲线波谷为分界点,将预处理后的光谱分成若干个子区间。然后将子区间组合起来进行多峰拟合,通过遗传算法得到最优的拟合子区间组合和吸收峰频率近似值,拟合时每个子区间中通过峰数递增最优化方法确定拟合的吸收峰数,最后微调优化得到最优的吸收峰频率、峰高值。为了实现物质的识别,通过密度聚类算法得到同一类纯净物在多次测量中的共同吸收峰,以此作为标准数据,通过提出的基于吸收峰特征的光谱匹配算法实现了纯净物和不同含量混合物的快速识别。对10类纯净物的实际光谱数据进行拟合聚类,得到其吸收峰参数,结果与太赫兹光谱数据库一致。通过识别算法对纯净物测试集进行识别的识别率为100%,证明了特征提取和物质识别算法的有效性。对于含有混叠峰的混合物光谱,二阶导数法对葡萄糖-乳糖混合物光谱中被掩盖吸收峰(1.280 THz)的识别率仅为70%,提取到的频率平均值为1.316 THz;而该算法提高识别率至95%,频率平均值为1.281 THz,该算法提高了对混叠峰的分辨能力,能够精确定位混叠峰。对10类纯净物构成的6类不同程度混叠的二元混合物前二、三识别率分别达到90.8%和98.3%,提取到的特征能够有效应用于混合物的成分检测。该算法能够以纯净物数据为标准数据实现成分各异的混合物成分检测,对于太赫兹光谱混合物成分检测有重要意义。     

根据表面反射特性进行目标探测的波段选择

计算和分析了表面反射特性对选择波段进行目标探测的影响.通过引入正交子空间投影方法,将背景信号从接收到的混合光谱中消除,从而达到压缩背景信号的目的.并在此基础上运用匹配跟踪算法自动地进行优化波段的选择,达到选择最佳波段的目的,从而进行目标探测.在大气外实际目标的探测中,得到了进行大气外目标探测的波段选择与目标表面反射特性的关系.     

醋酸H2O精馏中萃取剂的计算机辅助筛选

醋酸H2O精馏中萃取剂的计算机辅助筛选;Flash;萃取剂筛选;萃取精馏;醋酸     

MS-IAS:集成的质谱代谢组学数据分析系统

针对代谢组学研究中的数据处理问题,本研究建立了基于质谱的数据分析系统MS-IAS(Mass spectrometry based integrated analysis system).此系统集成了特征选择、聚类、分类等多种方法,用以处理质谱数据,具有多种统计分析方法能对所选的特征变量进行比较,以发现与所研究问题相关的潜在生物标志物.MS-IAS支持数据与多种算法结果可图形化显示,有助于对数据的解释与分析.以肝病患者的质谱代谢组数据为例,展示MS-IAS的功能,两种特征选择算法从数据集中筛选出了40个对肝病具有区分能力的特征变量,展示了MS-IAS成为代谢组学研究中的通用质谱数据分析系统的潜力.     

个人住房抵押贷款模式及应用

提出了等比还贷,等差还贷,基于等额的灵活还贷和混合还贷4种模式,举例分析并指出了各模式适合的客户类型,最后对贷款利率调整时各模式的有关变化作了进一步的探讨,各种还贷模式可根据具体情况在实践中推广应用。     

改进的随机蛙跳算法对农机润滑油污染浓度的近红外光谱检测研究

润滑油是农业机械正常作业的必要物资,农业机械发动机工作的动力性、安全性、经济性以及寿命与润滑油状况有着紧密联系。污染浓度作为油液的综合评价指标,常规的实验室检测耗时长、成本高,所以开发高效的润滑油污染浓度检测技术具有重要意义。提出了一种基于近红外光谱技术的农机润滑油污染浓度的检测方法,同时针对随机蛙跳(RF)特征波长选择算法中迭代次数大,结果再现性低等缺点,提出了一种迭代保留信息变量的随机蛙跳(IRIV-RF)特征波长选择算法。该算法一方面利用迭代保留信息变量(IRIV)算法提取出强信息变量和弱信息变量,将其作为RF算法中的初始变量集,消除初始变量集的随机性对结果再现性的影响。另一方面通过对变量按被选概率值由大到小正向排序后,从首个波长开始依次增加一个波长建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,选择交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)值最小时的变量子集为特征波长,消除RF算法所提取的特征波长数量的不确定性。利用近红外光谱仪采集自行配制的101份不同污染浓度的农机润滑油原始光谱数据,选用三种不同的预处理方法分别对原始光谱进行处理,确定最佳的预处理方法为变量标准化(SNV)。在此基础上通过RF,...     

基于特征区域下凸点提取的藻类荧光光谱波长选择方法

藻华现象的频繁发生严重影响了海洋环境和人类的生产活动,因此对水体浮游植物的监测十分重要。三维荧光光谱被广泛应用于水体浮游植物中藻类的群落组成分析和浓度定量分析,然而三维荧光光谱数据中的信息冗余给藻类定性定量分析带来了一定的影响。针对光谱信息冗余问题,提出了特征区域积分与凸点提取相结合的三维荧光光谱波长选择方法。以抑食金球藻、细长聚球藻、小球藻为研究对象,采用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑法对三维荧光光谱进行预处理,解决了因外界因素造成的光谱噪声问题,采用马氏距离法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常光谱样本,运用浓度残差法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常浓度值样本,然后通过偏最小二乘回归模型的内部交叉验证均方根误差衡量不同特征区域下凸点的可靠性进行波长变量的选择。为验证波长筛选方法的有效性,对三种藻类建立偏最小二乘回归模型,以内部交叉验证决定系数(R²)、内部交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)作为模型评价指标。与全光谱数据建立的回归模型进行了比较,抑食金球藻、小球藻、细长聚球藻的波长变量由全谱的1071个分别减少到77个、 75个、 67个,R²     

Energy-Efficient Optimization for Energy-Harvesting-Enabled mmWave-UAV Heterogeneous Networks

Energy Harvesting (EH) is a promising paradigm for 5G heterogeneous communication. EH-enabled Device-to-Device (D2D) communication can assist devices in overcoming the disadvantage of limited battery capacity and improving the Energy Efficiency (EE) by performing EH from ambient wireless signals. Although numerous research works have been conducted on EH-based D2D communication scenarios, the feature of EH-based D2D communication underlying Air-to-Ground (A2G) millimeter-Wave (mmWave) networks has not been fully studied. In this paper, we considered a scenario where multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are deployed to provide energy for D2D Users (DUs) and data transmission for Cellular Users (CUs). We aimed to improve the network EE of EH-enabled D2D communications while reducing the time complexity of beam alignment for mmWave-enabled D2D Users (DUs). We considered a scenario where multiple EH-enabled DUs and CUs coexist, sharing the full mmWave frequency band and adopting high-directive beams for transmitting. To improve the network EE, we propose a joint beamwidth selection, power control, and EH time ratio optimization algorithm for DUs based on alternating optimization. We iteratively optimized one of the three variables, fixing the other two. During each iteration, we first used a game-theoretic approach to adjust the beamwidths of DUs to achieve the sub-optimal EE. Then, the problem with regard to power optimization was solved by the Dinkelbach method and Successive Convex Approximation (SCA). Finally, we performed the optimization of the EH time ratio using linear fractional programming to further increase the EE. By performing extensive simulation experiments, we validated the convergence and effectiveness of our algorithm. The results showed that our proposed algorithm outperformed the fixed beamwidth and fixed power strategy and could closely approach the performance of exhaustive search, particle swarm optimization, and the genetic algorithm, but with a much reduced time complexity.