Large deflection and post-buckling analysis of non-linearly elastic rods by wavelet method

We propose a wavelet method in the present study to analyze the large deflection bending and post-buckling problems of rods composed of non-linearly elastic materials, which are governed by a class of strong non-linear differential equations. This wavelet method is established based on a modified wavelet approximation of an interval bounded L²-function, which provides a new method for the large deflection bending and post-buckling problems of engineering structures. As an example, in this study, we considered the rod structures of non-linear materials that obey the Ludwick and the modified Ludwick constitutive laws. The numerical results for both large deflection bending and post-buckling problems are presented, illustrating the convergence and accuracy of the wavelet method. For the former, the wavelet solutions are more accurate than the finite element method and the shooting method embedded with the Euler method. For the latter, both bifurcation and limit loads can be easily and directly obtained by solving the extended systems. On the other hand, for the shooting method embedded with Runge–Kutta method, to obtain these values usually needs to choose a good starting value and repeat trial solutions many times, which can be a tough task.     

A tire–ice model (TIM) for traction estimation

Increased traffic safety levels are of highest importance, especially when driving on icy roads. Experimental investigations for a detailed understanding of pneumatic tire performance on ice are expensive and time consuming. The changing ambient and ice conditions make it challenging to maintain repeatable test conditions during a test program. This paper presents a tire–ice contact model (TIM) to simulate the friction levels between the tire and the ice surface. The main goal of this model is to predict the tire–ice friction based on the temperature rise in the contact patch. The temperature rise prediction in the contact patch is based on the pressure distribution in the contact patch and on the thermal properties of the tread compound and of the ice surface. The contact patch is next classified into wet and dry regions based on the ice surface temperature and temperature rise simulations. The principle of thermal balance is then applied to compute the friction level in the contact patch. The tire–ice contact model is validated by comparing friction levels from simulations and experimental findings. Friction levels at different conditions of load, inflation pressure, and ice temperatures have been simulated using the tire–ice contact model and compared to experimental findings.     

基于能量法的矿柱稳定性分析

能量法因可以避免研究采场结构失稳破坏的中间复杂受力过程,所以受到研究者的青睐. 人工矿柱是地下矿山一种重要的采场结构,由于其失稳破坏过程的应力、应变较复杂,因此从能量守恒的角度对其承载上覆岩体的稳定性进行综合评判和研究. 通过对人工矿柱的受力特性和破坏模式进行分析,建立其力学模型,根据能量守恒原理得出考虑外载荷做功、自重势能和应变能条件下的人工矿柱总能量方程,推导出了人工矿柱势能函数表达式. 基于突变理论知识,构建了在考虑弹性模量、高宽比等参数条件下的人工矿柱能量极限状态方程,根据势函数的稳定判据得出外载荷的临界应力函数关系式,系统讨论和分析了外载荷变化过程对人工矿柱稳定性的影响,定量评判了人工矿柱受外界载荷的影响程度. 最后将所建立的临界应力函数关系式对焦冲金矿人工矿柱尺寸进行优化设计,经现场实测人工矿柱承受载荷约为其理论设计临界载荷的十分之一,达到安全支护规范要求;经过多年的金属矿山现场生产实践,人工矿柱及覆岩都较稳定,能够满足矿山安全生产的需要. 研究结果表明所建立的人工矿柱能量极限状态方程,可为地下金属矿山人工矿柱的合理设计提供理论依据.      

MoS2/SiCH固液复合润滑体系摩擦学性能研究

本文中通过考察MoS_2薄膜/SiCH固液复合润滑体系的真空摩擦学性能,探究了该复合润滑体系的摩擦磨损机理.研究表明射频溅射MoS_2薄膜表面所固有的柱状晶体结构具有明显的润滑油吸附功能,提高了MoS_2薄膜/SiCH固液复合润滑体系的真空摩擦学性能.球盘摩擦试验结果表明:当仅对钢盘表面沉积MoS_2薄膜时,该固液复合润滑体系的滑动摩擦寿命达到1.86×106 r,为采用SiCH油润滑时摩擦寿命的1.2倍,是MoS_2薄膜固体润滑状态的4倍,表现出了良好的协同润滑效应.     

应用杆束系统研究水泥砂浆节理面的压剪动特性

基于分离式Hopkinson压杆系统提出一套Hopkinson束杆装置,研究水泥砂浆节理面在压剪复合加载下的动态界面滑移特性。应用三根小杆作为接收杆,分别采用单杆和三杆两种入射方式,对含有节理面的水泥砂浆试件进行冲击加载。在节理面发生滑动时,由三根接收杆测试得到水泥砂浆试件不同位置滑移状态,进而得出节理面的整体滑移速度。此研究初步揭示了节理面在发生滑移时的局部滑移状态以及整体滑移状态,为节理面的动摩擦特性研究提供了较可靠的实验技术。     

一种分析手指接触摩擦的新型试验装置

手指接触摩擦行为的研究对人类生产生活具有重要的意义,鉴于影响这一行为的因素众多,到目前为止手指接触摩擦特性还未被深入认识.针对当前手指接触摩擦试验中的试验变量难以控制和试验可靠性较差等问题,设计出一种新型的试验装置并对受试者手指进行了接触摩擦重复性试验,得出新型装置能确保手指与样品间的法向力、接触角度的稳定性,使得试验结果具有很好的可比性和可靠性,并证实了该试验装置能准确地考察粗糙度、接触角度等因素对手指接触摩擦过程的影响.该装置的研制将对系统深入揭示手指接触摩擦学行为具有重要的意义.     

Two-Level Defect-Correction Method for Steady Navier-Stokes Problem with Friction Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we present two-level defect-correction finite element method for steady Navier-Stokes equations at high Reynolds number with the friction boundary conditions, which results in a variational inequality problem of the second kind. Based on Taylor-Hood element, we solve a variational inequality problem of Navier-Stokes type on the coarse mesh and solve a variational inequality problem of Navier-Stokes type corresponding to Newton linearization on the fine mesh. The error estimates for the velocity in the $H^1$ norm and the pressure in the $L^2$ norm are derived. Finally, the numerical results are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.     

Lie Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Laws of a Generalized Time Fractional Foam Drainage Equation

In this paper, a generalized time fractional nonlinear foam drainage equation is investigated by means of the Lie group analysis method. Based on the Riemann-Liouville derivative, the Lie point symmetries and symmetry reductions of the equation are derived, respectively. Furthermore, conservation laws with two kinds of independent variables of the equation are performed by making use of the nonlinear self-adjointness method.     

纸基包装材料中抗氧化剂及增塑剂向干性食品模拟物Tenax TA迁移的研究

采用改性聚苯醚多孔聚合物微球Tenax TA为干性食品模拟物,用于纤维素纸基食品接触材料中3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCP)向Tenax TA迁移的研究,以超高效液相色谱进行测定。迁移试验以白卡纸和牛皮纸为研究对象,通过设计不同迁移时间和迁移温度下3种目标物向Tenax TA迁移的实验,获取有机化合物从纸基纤维素向Tenax TA迁移的规律。结果表明,有机化合物从纸基材料向多孔聚合物微球的迁移经历了气体吸附和脱附两个步骤。在Tenax TA吸附目标化合物的过程中,纤维素纸基材料的微观孔径尺寸越大,与迁移物的相互作用越小,迁移物迁移的速率越大,Tenax TA的吸附效率越高;当吸附达到平衡后,迁移时间的延长会引发Tenax TA中迁移物的脱附,进而导致目标化合物的迁移率下降。对45种纸基食品接触材料中目标迁移物的筛查表明,BHA和DCP分别存在于两种不同类型的纸基食品接触材料中,迁移量分别为0.027μg/dm~2和0.81μg/dm~2,均小于欧盟指令规定的特定迁移限量。     

UJ31型电位差计中采用不同平衡指示器校准电流表

电位差计常用于精确测量电动势、电压、电流、电阻等电学量,在实验室可用来校准电表。文章对实验室频繁使用的电流表采用UJ31型电位差计配用不同的平衡指示器进行校准,对所测数据进行分析对比,得出被校表的准确度等级及采用不同平衡指示器时的测量结果。