钢纤维对陶瓷基摩擦材料摩擦学性能的影响

以钢纤维为增强材料,采用氮气保护烧结方法制备出了钢纤维增强陶瓷基摩擦材料,用XD-MSM型定速摩擦磨损试验机对比研究了不同钢纤维含量对陶瓷基摩擦材料的热衰退性能、恢复性能以及磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察磨损表面形貌,并探讨了其磨损机理.研究结果表明:钢纤维的添加量(质量百分数)为24%时,钢纤维同陶瓷基体界面结合良好,陶瓷基摩擦材料的耐磨性能有所提高,热衰退率仅为5.8%,恢复率达到了107.8%,表明此配方陶瓷基摩擦材料具有较高的抗热衰退性能和恢复性能;钢纤维的含量影响陶瓷基摩擦材料的磨损形式,当含钢纤维含量较少时,陶瓷基摩擦材料以脆性脱落和疲劳磨损混合磨损形式为主;而随添加钢纤维含量的增多,其磨损形式转变为磨粒磨损;钢纤维过量加入时,则主要磨损形式为脆性脱落和疲劳磨损,并伴有黏着磨损.     

雨刮器非线性摩擦振动的稳定性与分岔特性

针对雨刮器建立2自由度非线性摩擦振动动力学模型,基于复模态理论计算复特征值并进行稳定性及其对刮刷速度的依赖性分析;通过数值计算分析摩擦振动对刮刷速度的分岔特性,并利用相轨迹、庞加莱映射、频谱特性分析不同刮刷速度下的非线性振动现象.研究发现:摩擦-速度特性的负斜率是导致系统不稳定的根本原因,增大刮刷速度有利于提高系统的稳定性;在高、低刮速区,随着刮刷速度的下降,系统振动形态遵循周期→准周期→混沌的演化规律,并会伴随显著的粘滑振动;仅高速区的周期振动和非振动条件下,刮刷时无附加的粘滑振动.     

基于主成分回归的温度分布反演研究

多谱辐射测温是一种非接触温度测量方法,目前常用的多谱辐射测温只能反演出一个近似温度值,而无法给出实际的温度分布。针对此问题,基于普朗克定律,采用主成分回归算法,以强激光毁伤靶材温度测量为例,在脉冲能量为34.2 J的激光入射条件下,从热辐射谱中反演出近似温度值为2 700 K,拟合相对偏差为0.5%,当温度分布范围为2 600～2 800 K时,拟合相对偏差减小为0.13%,减小了温度反演偏差。首次给出了基于主成分回归方法的温度分布反演,提高了非接触式温度测量的表征精度。     

Parameters of LC molecules’ movement measured by dielectric spectroscopy in wide temperature range

Dielectric properties of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) mixture ZhK-1282 were investigated in the frequency range of 10²–10⁶Hz and a temperature range of ?20 to 80?°С. On the basis of the Debye’s relaxation polarization model dielectric spectra of temperature dependence of the orientational relaxation time τ and the dielectric strength δe were numerically approximated at the parallel orientation of a molecular director relative to alternating electric field. Influence of ester components in the mixture plays crucial role in relaxation processes at low temperature and external field frequency. The activation energy of the relaxation process of a rotation of molecules around their short axis was measured in a temperature interval of ?20 to ?+15?°С in which the dispersion of a longitudinal component of the dielectric constant takes place. The energy of potential barrier for polar molecules rotation in the mesophase was calculated. The value of the transition entropy from the nematic to isotropic phase was obtained from this calculation. The values of the coefficient of molecular friction and rotational diffusion were obtained by different methods. The experimental data obtained are in a satisfactory agreement with the existing theoretical models.     

Heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater duct having protruded roughness geometry on absorber plate

Protruded roughness geometry is generally considered to be simple, an innovative and economic technique for improving thermal performance of solar air heater. Experimental investigation has been carried to study the effect of different shapes, position, and height of protrusions on heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater duct for the range of parameters. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor have been brought out from the experimental data which can be further used for evaluating performance of solar air heater having the considered roughness geometry.     

On the developments of Darcy's law to include inertial and slip effects

The empirical Darcy law describing flow in porous media, whose convincing theoretical justification was proposed almost 130 years after its original publication in 1856, has however been extended to account for particular flow conditions. This article reviews historical developments aimed at including inertial and slip effects (respectively, when the Reynolds and Knudsen numbers are not exceedingly small compared to unity). Despite the early empirical extensions to include inertia and slip effects, it is striking to observe that clear formal derivations of physical models to account for these effects were reported only recently.     

Turbulence structures in high-speed air flow along a thin cylinder

Turbulent flow in the axial direction along a cylinder representing a monofilament yarn was reproduced for a relatively wide range of radius Reynolds numbers using direct numerical simulations. In the simulation of the thinnest cylinder, the friction coefficient agreed with a previously published formula. A pair of high- and low-speed streaks was detected around even the thinnest cylinder, whereby it was confirmed that turbulence was sustained according to the analysed turbulence statistics. Even when only a single pair of streaks around the cylinder was detected, the characteristics of the turbulence structures, such as the mean streak spacing based on the viscous length scale, were the same as those in flows over a flat plate. It was found that the friction coefficient changes in a way that maintains the structural characteristics of the flow, consistent with the view that universal characteristics of turbulence structures exist.     

Uphill anomalous transport in a deterministic system with speed-dependent friction coefficient

We investigate the transport of a deterministic Brownian particle theoretically, which moves in simple onedimensional, symmetric periodic potentials under the influence of both a time periodic and a static biasing force. The physical system employed contains a friction coefficient that is speed-dependent. Within the tailored parameter regime, the absolute negative mobility, in which a particle can travel in the direction opposite to a constant applied force, is observed.This behavior is robust and can be maximized at two regimes upon variation of the characteristic factor of friction coefficient. Further analysis reveals that this uphill motion is subdiffusion in terms of localization(diffusion coefficient with the form D(t) ~t~(-1) at long times). We also have observed the non-trivially anomalous subdiffusion which is significantly deviated from the localization; whereas most of the downhill motion evolves chaotically, with the normal diffusion.