Flow-induced ordering of particles and flow velocity profile transition in a tube flow of graphene oxide dispersions

We measured the S- and P-order parameters of flow-induced ordered graphene oxide (GO) particles and the flow velocity profiles for a flowing aqueous GO dispersion in a tube, by using an optical method. The order parameters clearly exhibit increasing concentric biaxial ordering as the flow velocity increases, with the exception of a disordered centre. Newtonian to non-Newtonian transition in the flow velocity profile is found, changing from a parabolic shape to a fuller shape at very low Reynolds numbers less than 10. This is attributed to the shear thinning effect (i.e., an ordering-induced reduction in viscosity). In the Newtonian flow, a uniaxial ordering was dominant; whereas a biaxial ordering sharply increased in the non-Newtonian flow, indicating that both the ordering of GO particles and the interparticle interactions influence the flow profile transition.     

Measure of segments which intersect a convex body from rotational formulae

Classical problems in integral geometry and geometric probability involve the kinematic measure of congruent segments of fixed length within a convex body in R³. We give this measure from rotational formulae; that is, from isotropic plane sections through a fixed point. From this result we also obtain a new rotational formula for the volume of a convex body; which is proved to be equivalent to the wedge formula for the volume.     

Microstructures and soft magnetic properties of Fe80P20-xSix (x = 4.5–6.5) amorphous ribbons

Fe-based amorphous ribbons with excellent soft magnetic properties and mechanical properties were prepared in the Fe–Si–P ternary system. Enhanced soft magnetic properties could be achieved through annealing treatment of the ribbons for 1 h at 325 °C, which is far below the glass transition temperatures (462–474 °C). Icosahedral medium-range ordering with a size range of around 2 nm occurred throughout the amorphous matrix during the low-temperature annealing treatment. The annealed ribbons exhibited improved magnetic saturation of over 185 emu/g while maintaining good mechanical flexibility. During icosahedral ordering, the distance between the Fe atoms and the coordination number within the amorphous ribbon can be optimised for achieving high magnetic saturation. However, nanocrystallisation of the SiP and Fe₂P transition phases embedded within the amorphous matrix occurred after the annealing treatment for 1 h at 385 °C, which caused deterioration of the soft magnetic properties and mechanical flexibility of the ribbons. Therefore, the combination of high magnetic saturation and mechanical flexibility of the amorphous ribbons could be optimised through low-temperature annealing treatment without any nanocrystallisation.     

Phase behavior of amphiphiles at liquid crystals/water interface: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study

We present a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study of phase behavior of amphiphilic monolayers at the liquid crystal （LC）/water interface. The results revealed that LCs at interface can influence the lateral ordering of amphiphiles. Particularly, the amphiphile tails along with perpendicularly penetrated LCs between tails undergo a two-dimension phase transition from liquid-expanded into a liquid-condensed phase as their area density at interface reaches 0.93. While, the liquid-condensed phase of the monolayer never appears at oil/water interface with isotropic shape oil particles. These findings reveal the penetration of anisotropic LC can promote ordered lateral organization of amphiphiles. Moreover, we find the phase transition point is shifted to lower surface coverage of amphiphiles when the LCs have larger affinity to the amphiphile tails.     

Ordered Solid‐State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers Arising from Solution‐State Aggregation

Controlling the solution‐state aggregation of conjugated polymers for producing specific microstructures remains challenging. Herein, a practical approach is developed to finely tune the solid‐state microstructures through temperature‐controlled solution‐state aggregation and polymer crystallization. High temperature generates significant conformation fluctuation of conjugated backbones in solution, which facilitates the polymer crystallization from solvated aggregates to orderly packed structures. The polymer films deposited at high temperatures exhibit less structural disorders and higher electron mobilities (up to two orders of magnitude) in field‐effect transistors, compared to those deposited at low temperatures. This work provides an effective strategy to tune the solution‐state aggregation to reveal the relationship between solution‐state aggregation and solid‐state microstructures of conjugated polymers.     

Probe chiral magnetic effect with signed balance function

In this paper a pair of observables are proposed as alternative ways,by examining the fluctuation of net momentum-ordering of charged pairs,to study the charge separation induced by the Chiral Magnetic Effect(CME)in relativistic heavy ion collisions.They are,the out-of-plane to in-plane ratio of fluctuation of the difference between signed balance functions measured in pair’s rest frame,and the ratio of it to similar measurement made in the laboratory frame.Both observables have been studied with simulations including flow-related backgrounds,and for the first time,backgrounds that are related to resonance's global spin alignment.The two observables have similar positive responses to signal,and opposite,limited responses to identifiable backgrounds arising from resonance flow and spin alignment.Both observables have also been tested with two realistic models,namely,a multi-phase transport(AMPT)model and the anomalous-viscous fluid dynamics(AVFD)model.These two observables,when cross examined,will provide useful insights in the study of CME-induced charge separation.     

Multi-variable special polynomials using an operator ordering method

Using an operator ordering method for some commutative superposition operators, we introduce two new multi-variable special polynomials and their generating functions, and present some new operator identities and integral formulas involving the two special polynomials. Instead of calculating complicated partial differential, we use the special polynomials and their generating functions to concisely address the normalization, photocount distributions and Wigner distributions of several quantum states that can be realized physically, the results of which provide real convenience for further investigating the properties and applications of these states.     

Channel-Supermodular Entropies: Order Theory and an Application to Query Anonymization

This work introduces channel-supermodular entropies, a subset of quasi-concave entropies. Channel-supermodularity is a property shared by some of the most commonly used entropies in the literature, including Arimoto–Rényi conditional entropies (which include Shannon and min-entropy as special cases), k-tries entropies, and guessing entropy. Based on channel-supermodularity, new preorders for channels that strictly include degradedness and inclusion (or Shannon ordering) are defined, and these preorders are shown to provide a sufficient condition for the more-capable and capacity ordering, not only for Shannon entropy but also regarding analogous concepts for other entropy measures. The theory developed is then applied in the context of query anonymization. We introduce a greedy algorithm based on channel-supermodularity for query anonymization and prove its optimality, in terms of information leakage, for all symmetric channel-supermodular entropies.     

基于特征区域下凸点提取的藻类荧光光谱波长选择方法

藻华现象的频繁发生严重影响了海洋环境和人类的生产活动,因此对水体浮游植物的监测十分重要。三维荧光光谱被广泛应用于水体浮游植物中藻类的群落组成分析和浓度定量分析,然而三维荧光光谱数据中的信息冗余给藻类定性定量分析带来了一定的影响。针对光谱信息冗余问题,提出了特征区域积分与凸点提取相结合的三维荧光光谱波长选择方法。以抑食金球藻、细长聚球藻、小球藻为研究对象,采用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑法对三维荧光光谱进行预处理,解决了因外界因素造成的光谱噪声问题,采用马氏距离法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常光谱样本,运用浓度残差法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常浓度值样本,然后通过偏最小二乘回归模型的内部交叉验证均方根误差衡量不同特征区域下凸点的可靠性进行波长变量的选择。为验证波长筛选方法的有效性,对三种藻类建立偏最小二乘回归模型,以内部交叉验证决定系数(R²)、内部交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)作为模型评价指标。与全光谱数据建立的回归模型进行了比较,抑食金球藻、小球藻、细长聚球藻的波长变量由全谱的1071个分别减少到77个、 75个、 67个,R²