添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的R11池沸腾换热研究

对添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的制冷剂R11在外径为22.4mm紫铜管外的池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究.池沸腾饱和温度为35℃和40℃,纳米颗粒悬浮液的浓度为0.01g/l和0.05g/l.对铜管圆周上、下、前、后四个部位的局部换热情况进行了测量和可视化观察以及相应的粗糙度检测分析.结果发现,纳米颗粒的添加基本使管上部粗糙度降低,传热弱化,而使下部粗糙度增加,传热强化.就整体换热而言,40℃的强化换热效果好于30℃,0.01g/l的强化换热效果好于0.05g/l.     

超临界水在倾斜光管中的传热不均匀特性研究

对超(超)临界压力下水在倾斜光管内的传热特性进行了比较系统的实验研究.实验段管径为φ32×3mm,倾角α=20°;试验压力P=23~34MPa,内壁热负荷q=300~500kW/m2,管内质量流速G=300~2000kg/m2s.得到了不同工况下倾斜光管内壁温和管内换热系数的周向分布及其变化规律,考察了压力、质量流速及热负荷对倾斜光管内壁温度的周向分布的影响,重点分析了管内上下母线处内壁温度差随工质焓值变化的特性及机理,讨论了大比热区水的物性变化对倾斜光管内传热不均匀性的影响,并与亚临界压力下的对应实验结果进行了比较.     

热声斯特林发电系统的实验研究

本文介绍了一台由热声斯特林发动机及其驱动的直线发电机组成的热声斯特林发电系统原理样机.一方面为满足发电机与发动机间体积流率和相位的匹配要求,另一方面为了能在直线发电机活塞处获得较好的压力波与体积流率间相位关系、提高直线发电机的电功输出能力,装置保留了发动机原有的锥形谐振管.初步实验以氦气为工质,在2.5MPa平均压力、64Hz工作频率下,获得了97W的电功.本文还分析了该热声发电系统的效率,得出直线发电机声电转换效率超过了0.8.然而由于谐振管耗散了大量的声功,目前整机的热电转换效率还较低.     

R134a在板式换热器中的凝结换热实验研究

本文对R134a在板式换热器内的凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,通过测量换热器中冷却水及板壁温度获得了局部凝结换热系数随蒸气干度、质量流量及热流密度的变化关系.实验结果表明,凝结换热系数随着蒸气干度增加而增加.文章还将实验结果与部分文献数据进行了比较与分析.本文的研究为换热准则关系式的发展提供了实验数据.     

燃气机热泵全年性能优化研究

本文建立了燃气机热泵(GEHP)的全年性能优化模型,定义了燃气机热泵的全年性能系数,比较了采用不同优化目标函数得到的优化结果的差别,研究了冷负荷比例变化对全年性能优化的影响,分析了燃气机热泵在不同地区应用时全年性能优化目标的确定.     

均匀高压电场强化R123池沸腾传热实验研究

利用EHD技术进行了工质R123的池内平板沸腾强化传热实验研究.在该实验中,换热面为一平板并接地作为0电极,高压电极为平行于换热面的网状电极.实验结果表明,正电压的强化效果较好,电压越高,强化效果越好.低热流密度下,EHD对沸腾换热的强化效果比高热流密度的强化效果好.起沸点随着电压的增加而增加,同不加电压时相比,在20 kV时,起沸点提高了4倍.     

并联换热系统中冷媒分配的优化分析

为减小并联换热系统的质量,本文在一定的简化和假设之上,建立了其流动与传热的物理和数学模型;并以系统总换热面积最小为优化目标,通过对分配系数的变量转换,提出了一种可准确求解最佳分配系数的方法,并对计算结果进行了讨论,发现分配系数的结果与势容耗散最大基本一致.根据计算结果.本文给出了支路较少时分配系数与换热支路效能之间的近似关联式.     

低温热管传热性能的实验研究

热管是一种高效的传热元件,低温热管可望在超导磁体冷却、空间探索方面获得广泛应用.本文对热虹吸管的传热特性进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,在同样加热功率的条件下,与相同形状和尺寸的紫铜导热棒相比,在加热功率较高的条件下,低温热管的传热性能远远优于紫铜棒的传热性能,完全能够满足超导磁体的冷却要求.     

The Decay of Massive Scalar Field in Non-Static Gödel Type Universe with Viscous Fluid and Heat Flow

In this study, we have investigated the dynamics of non-static Gödel type rotating universe with massive scalar field, viscous fluid and heat flow in the presence of cosmological constant. For various cosmic matter forms, the behavior of the cosmological constant (Λ), shear (η) and bulk (ξ) viscosity coefficients and other kinematic quantities have studied in the early universe. We have showed the decay of massive scalar field in the non-static rotating Gödel type universe and we have obtained constant scalar field with and without source density. Also, we have investigated the effects of massive scalar field on the matter density and pressure. From solutions of the field equations, we have a cosmological model with non-zero expansion, shear, heat flux and rotation. Also some physical and geometrical aspects of the model discussed.     

Influence of radiation damage on lattice vibration parameters in crystalline and vitreous SiO2

The influence of radiation damage on a number of lattice vibration parameters in two SiO₂ modifications was investigated using IR reflectance spectroscopy. The radiation kinetics of changes in spectral characteristics of SiO₂ fundamental vibrations in crystalline and glassy states were determined. The reflectivity coefficient and the frequency of degenerate vibrations as functions of dose showed minima, the locations of which were governed by the type of sample. At high neutron irradiation doses (10²¹ cm⁻²), certain characteristics of the bands had the same values for both modified materials. Features of the radiation kinetics of sample dynamic parameters were determined. It was deduced that the specific character of the observed radiation-induced changes in spectral and dynamic parameters of vibrations near degenerate modes was due to both the accumulation of radiation damage and a change in the force field surrounding bridging bonds, which is related to a change in the SiO₂ structure. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 354–358, May–June, 2008.