A laser micro-chopper approach for molecular beam probe

A laser micro-chopper has been designed to respond fast to a molecular beam. A method of spectral structure measurement is established to analyse the responding signals. In experiments, the minimum detectable signals correspond to an air molecular-beam intensity of 5 × 10⁸/s     

漂移管中相对论电子束引导的匹配条件

本文介绍了对连续型相对论电子束的两种引导及箍缩方法:磁场引导和离子通道的静电引导。在线性引导力的假定下,求得了单磁场引导、单静电引导以及同时使用磁场和电场的混合引导的这三种情况下的匹配条件的解析结果。解析公式表明。在混合引导情况下,为了使电子束匹配,当电子束的中和因子线性增加时,相应的引导磁场不是线性地减小。而是抛物线形地减小。本文还使用了模拟束片内电子横向运动的LGERKB编码,通过对N_0个束内电子的模拟计算,求得了电子束包络。电子束的均方根发射度、典型电子轨道、失配和匹配情况下的束内电子相空间分布(相图)及其演变过程等大量资料。线性模拟结果与解析分析结果完全一致。     

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO（s）

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO（s） have been measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from T=78K to T=400K. A solid to liquid phase transition of the compound was found in the heat capacity curve in the temperature range of T=342-364 K. The peak temperature, molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the substance were determined. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions of T=78-342 K and T=364-400 K were fitted to two poly- nomial equations of heat capacities with the reduced temperatures by least squares method. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO（s） relative to the standard refer- ence temperature 298.15 K were calculated based on the fitted polynomials and tabulated with an interval of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by means of an isoperibol precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the sample was calculated. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined from the combustion enthalpy and other auxiliary thermodynamic data through a Hess thermochemical cycle.     

构造Birkhoff动力学函数的Santilli第二方法的简化

研究力学系统Birkhoff动力学函数的构造方法.Santilli第二方法是目前构造Birkhoff动力学函数时常用的方法之一,但研究发现其计算公式存在冗余项.通过具体的证明得到了简化的Santilli第二方法,从而为自伴随系统Birkhoff动力学函数的构造提供了更为简洁的计算公式.举例说明结果的应用.     

A hidden analytic structure of the Rabi model

The Rabi model describes the simplest interaction between a cavity mode with a frequency ω_c${\omega }_c$ and a two-level system with a resonance frequency ω₀${\omega }_0$. It is shown here that the spectrum of the Rabi model coincides with the support of the discrete Stieltjes integral measure in the orthogonality relations of recently introduced orthogonal polynomials. The exactly solvable limit of the Rabi model corresponding to Δ=ω₀/(2ω_c)=0$\Delta ={\omega }_0/\left(2{\omega }_c\right)=0$, which describes a displaced harmonic oscillator, is characterized by the discrete Charlier polynomials in normalized energy ?$?$, which are orthogonal on an equidistant lattice. A non-zero value of Δ$\Delta$ leads to non-classical discrete orthogonal polynomials ?_k(?)${?}_k\left(?\right)$ and induces a deformation of the underlying equidistant lattice. The results provide a basis for a novel analytic method of solving the Rabi model. The number of ca. 1350 calculable energy levels per parity subspace obtained in double precision (cca 16 digits) by an elementary stepping algorithm is up to two orders of magnitude higher than is possible to obtain by Braak’s solution. Any first n$n$ eigenvalues of the Rabi model arranged in increasing order can be determined as zeros of ?_N(?)${?}_N\left(?\right)$ of at least the degree N=n+n_t$N=n+n_t$. The value of n_t>0$n_t>0$, which is slowly increasing with n$n$, depends on the required precision. For instance, n_t?26$n_t?26$ for n=1000$n=1000$ and dimensionless interaction constant κ=0.2$\kappa =0.2$, if double precision is required. Given that the sequence of the l$l$th zeros x_nl$x_{nl}$’s of ?_n(?)${?}_n\left(?\right)$’s defines a monotonically decreasing discrete flow with increasing n$n$, the Rabi model is indistinguishable from an algebraically solvable model in any finite precision. Although we can rigorously prove our results only for dimensionless interaction constant κ<1$\kappa <1$, numerics and exactly solvable example suggest that the main conclusions remain to be valid also for κ≥1$\kappa \ge 1$.     

Identical Quantum Particles and Weak Discernibility

Saunders has recently claimed that “identical quantum particles” with an anti-symmetric state (fermions) are weakly discernible objects, just like irreflexively related ordinary objects in situations with perfect symmetry (Black’s spheres, for example). Weakly discernible objects have all their qualitative properties in common but nevertheless differ from each other by virtue of (a generalized version of) Leibniz’s principle, since they stand in relations an entity cannot have to itself. This notion of weak discernibility has been criticized as question begging, but we defend and accept it for classical cases likes Black’s spheres. We argue, however, that the quantum mechanical case is different. Here the application of the notion of weak discernibility indeed is question begging and in conflict with standard interpretational ideas. We conclude that the introduction of the conceptual resource of weak discernibility does not change the interpretational status quo in quantum mechanics.     

First-principles modelling of scanning tunneling microscopy using non-equilibrium Green’s functions

The investigation of electron transport processes in nano-scale architectures plays a crucial role in the development of surface chemistry and nano-technology. Experimentally, an important driving force within this research area has been the concurrent refinements of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. The theoretical treatment of the STM operation has traditionally been based on the Bardeen and Tersoff–Hamann methods which take as input the single-particle wave functions and eigenvalues obtained from finite cluster or slabs models of the surface-tip interface. Here, we present a novel STM simulation scheme based on non-equilibrium Green’s functions (NEGF) and Wannier functions which is both accurate and very efficient. The main novelty of the scheme compared to the Bardeen and Tersoff–Hamann approaches is that the coupling to the infinite (macroscopic) electrodes is taken into account. As an illustrating example we apply the NEGF-STM method to the Si(001)-(2×1):H surface with sub-surface P doping and discuss the results in comparison to the Bardeen and Tersoff–Hamann methods.     

III–V based-semiconductor photonic crystals

Three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals based on III–V semiconductors are described. On the 3D photonic crystals, the development of complete photonic crystals at optical wavelengths and their applications to ultrasmall optical integrated circuits including 3D sharp bend waveguide are described. On the 2D photonic crystals, two-unique device and/or phenomena are demonstrated.     

Ac conductivity and dielectric behavior of hydrated homoionic alkali-cations-exchanged montmorillonite

The dielectric properties of a series of homoionic alkali-exchanged montmorillonites were studied at different treatment temperatures and various water loadings by means of complex impedance spectroscopy. To date, however, this method has been underutilized in clay minerals studies. The main objective of the present work is to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control their interactions with the alkali extra-framework cations. The other part of our study is to study the dielectric properties such as real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, and ac conductivity in the frequency range 10^?2–10⁶?Hz and temperature range 173–333?K of these clay minerals. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of the Jonscher model.     

Study of nonlinear dissipative pulse propagation under the combined effect of two-photon absorption and gain dispersion: A variational approach involving Rayleigh’s dissipation function

We try to derive some explicit equations for predicting the laws which govern the evolution of different parameters of a propagating optical pulse in a nonlinear medium under the combined influence of two-photon absorption and gain dispersion. Using the generalized Euler-Lagrange equation, the dynamics of different pulse parameters are generated. The Rayleigh’s dissipation function is incorporated in order to take recourse to the dissipative part, with an analogy with the non-conservative frictional problem in classical mechanics. It appears from the study that the influence of the dissipative part can well be explained using the proposed model. The analytically predicted results are compared with the numerical data obtained from direct simulation of the Ginzburg-Landau equation and the results are found to be quite satisfactory, supporting the prediction.