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61.
Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of nucleosides, recorded in the presence of alkali metals, display alkali metal ion-bound quartets and other clusters that may have implications for understanding non-covalent interactions in DNA and RNA. The tetramers of guanosine and deoxyguanosine and also their metaclusters (clusters of clusters), cationized by alkali metals, were observed as unusually abundant magic number clusters. The observation of these species in the gas phase parallels previous condensed-phase studies, which show that guanine derivatives can form quartets and metaclusters of quartets in solution in the presence of metal cations. This parallel behavior and also internal evidence suggest that bonding in the guanosine tetramers involves the bases rather than the sugar units. The nucleobases thymine and uracil are known to form magic number pentameric adducts with K+, Cs+ and NH4+ in the gas phase. In sharp contrast, we now show that the nucleosides uridine and deoxythymidine do not form the pentameric clusters characteristic of the corresponding bases. More subtle effects of the sugars are evident in the fact that adenosine and cytidine form numerous higher order clusters with alkali metals, whereas deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine show no clustering. It is suggested that hydrogen bonding between the bases in the tetramers of dG and rG are the dominant interactions in the clusters, hence changing the ribose group to deoxyribose (and vice versa) generally has little effect. However, the additional hydroxyl group of RNA nucleosides enhances the non-selective formation of higher-order aggregates for adenosine and cytidine and results in the lack of highly stable magic number clusters. Some clusters are the result of aggregation in the course of ionization (ESI) whereas others appear to be intrinsic to the solution being examined. 相似文献
62.
J. M. Davis 《Chromatographia》1996,42(7-8):367-377
Summary The application of statistical models of overlap (SMOs) to saturated separations is made possible by theory that addresses variable peak amplitudes. These amplitudes cause peak widths to vary, and this variation can be modeled by a random variable whose effect on the probability of overlap is expressed by a convolution integral. Modified probabilities of overlap are derived for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous one-dimensional separations, and the new probabilities are compared to results determined from published computer simulations. The new theory can describe overlap at saturations that are 3 to 4 times larger than before. Previously reported experimental chromatograms are reinterpreted to show the capabilities of theory. The theoretical extension is an important step towards making SMOs into practical tools for screening analytical separations. 相似文献
63.
Given n samples(viewed as an n-tuple) of a γ-regular discrete distribution π,in this article the authors concern with the weighted and unweighted graphs induced by the n samples. They first prove a series of SLLN results(of Dvoretzky-Erd¨os’ type). Then they show that the vertex weights of the graphs under investigation obey asymptotically power law distributions with exponent 1 + γ. They also give a conjecture that the degrees of unweighted graphs would exhibit asymptotically power law distribu... 相似文献
64.
《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(3):112739
A ballot permutation is a permutation π such that in any prefix of π the descent number is not more than the ascent number. By using a reversal-concatenation map, we (i) give a formula for the joint distribution (pk, des) of the peak and descent statistics over ballot permutations, (ii) connect this distribution and the joint distribution (pk, des) over ordinary permutations in terms of generating functions, and (iii) confirm Spiro's conjecture which finds the equidistribution of the descent statistic for ballot permutations and an analogue of the descent statistic for odd order permutations. 相似文献
65.
《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(9):112891
We calculate moments of the so-called Kesten distribution by means of the expansion of the denominator of the density of this distribution and then integrate all summands with respect to the semicircle distribution. By comparing this expression with the formulae for the moments of Kesten's distribution obtained by other means, we find identities involving polynomials whose power coefficients are closely related to Catalan numbers, Catalan triangles, binomial coefficients. Finally, as applications of these identities we obtain various interesting relations between the aforementioned numbers, also concerning Lucas, Fibonacci and Fine numbers. 相似文献
66.
Vladimir Dobrić 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》1994,7(1):129-134
IfB is a weakly compactly generated Banach space andf: (S,S, ) satisfies the strong law of large numbers, thenf=f
1+f
2, wheref
1 is Bochner -integrable andf
2 is Pettis -integrable with Pettis norm 0. The decomposition is unique. 相似文献
67.
Continuing the recent work of the second author, we prove that the diophantine equation
for has exactly 12 solutions except when , when it has 16 solutions. If denotes one of the zeros of , then for we also find all with .
68.
刘文 《应用数学学报(英文版)》1996,12(3):328-331
ASTRONGLIMITTHEOREMFORGENERALIZEDCANTOR-LIKE RANDOM SEQUENCESLIUWEN(刘文)(DepartmentofMathematicsandPhysics,HebeiUniversityofTe... 相似文献
69.
Samuel S. Wagstaff Jr.. 《Mathematics of Computation》1996,65(213):383-391
We show that the minimum period modulo of the Bell exponential integers is for all primes and several larger . Our proof of this result requires the prime factorization of these periods. For some primes the factoring is aided by an algebraic formula called an Aurifeuillian factorization. We explain how the coefficients of the factors in these formulas may be computed.
70.
Michael Weiss 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1996,124(2):615-622
Upper bounds obtained by Gromov on the Betti numbers of certain closed Riemannian manifolds are shown to be upper bounds on the minimum number of cells in --spaces dominating such manifolds.