利用Monte Carlo进行MRI主磁体的优化设计

磁共振成像（MRI）中的磁体系统是MRI整体装置的主体,而主磁体作为磁体系统的核心,为整个磁体系统提供基础磁场。其磁场位型、均匀性直接关系到磁体系统其它组件的设计以及最终的性能。文中提出一种利用ANSYS中的概率设计——Monte Carlo进行主磁体优化的设计方法,使得中心场区的磁场偏差从几千ppm降低到120 ppm左右。达到设计的目的．     

Eulerian-Lagranigan simulation of aerosol evolution in turbulent mixing layer

The formation and evolution of aerosol in turbulent flows are ubiquitous in both industrial processes and nature. The intricate interaction of turbulent mixing and aerosol evolution in a canonical turbulent mixing layer was investigated by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) in a recent study (Zhou, K., Attili, A., Alshaarawi, A., and Bisetti, F. Simulation of aerosol nucleation and growth in a turbulent mixing layer. Physics of Fluids, 26, 065106 (2014)). In this work, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of aerosol evolution is carried out along Lagrangian trajectories obtained in the previous simulation, in order to quantify the error of the moment method used in the previous simulation. Moreover, the particle size distribution (PSD), not available in the previous works, is also investigated. Along a fluid parcel moving through the turbulent flow, temperature and vapor concentration exhibit complex fluctuations, triggering complicate aerosol processes and rendering complex PSD. However, the mean PSD is found to be bi-modal in most of the mixing layer except that a tri-modal distribution is found in the turbulent transition region. The simulated PSDs agree with the experiment observations available in the literature. A different explanation on the formation of such PSDs is provided.     

基于漫反射光谱法下层组织信息的最佳探测位置的研究

由于人体组织结构的复杂性和个体差异性,采用光谱分析技术实现组织内部信息的检测方法中,仍存在着检测位置不明确的问题。采用多位置空间分辨漫反射光谱法对脂肪肌肉组织中内部信息的最佳探测位置进行了研究。由于目标组织为肌肉组织,为了消除由于不同人体皮下脂肪层厚度的差异以及目标层中多次后向散射光对测量结果引起的较大误差,并根据光在复杂生物组织中的传输模型,通过增加约束条件——两条理想的“香蕉型”路径—来定义有效光子比SNR,并以SNR作为评价最佳探测位置SDS_best的标准,对优化后的Monte Carlo仿真结果进行统计分析,分别研究了脂肪层厚度h_f、脂肪层吸收系数μ_af和肌肉层吸收系数μ_am与光源探测器间距SDS之间的关系,并以h_f为自变量与SDS_best建立线性回归模型。研究表明,(1)当0<h_f<0.6 cm时,μ_af和μ_am对SDS_best几乎没有影响,而h_f与SDS_best的建模相关系数R2为0.991 8;(2)任取脂肪层厚度值0.12与0.22 cm作预测,得到预测误差分别为0.030 14和0.020 16,预测误差均能控制在5%以内。该方法能更方便、快速地为测量组织内部信息确定最佳检测位置,并有效削弱浅表组织以及目标层中多次背向散射光的干扰。     

静电场描绘的一种改进方法

本文介绍的是使用算术平均法作出等势线,描绘静电场。与课本中的方法进行比较,结果误差更小,更准确的描绘了静电场的分布。     

Dose estimation and shielding calculation for X-ray hazard at high intensity laser facilities

An ionizing radiation hazard produced from the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets has been observed. Laser-plasma interactions create "hot" electrons, which generate bremsstrahlung X-rays when they interact with ions in the target. However, up to now only limited studies have been conducted on this laser-induced radiological protection issue. In this paper, the physical process and characteristics of the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets are analyzed. The parameters of the radiation sources are discussed, including the energy conversion efficiency from laser to hot electrons, hot electron energy spectrum and electron temperature, and the bremsstrahlung X-ray energy spectrum produced by hot electrons. Based on this information, the X-ray dose generated with high-Z targets for laser intensities between 10¹⁴ and 10²⁰ W/cm² is estimated. The shielding effects of common shielding items such as the glass view port, aluminum chamber wall and concrete wall are also studied using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. This study provides a reference for the dose estimation and the shielding design of high intensity laser facilities.     

Study of shielding design for SANS at CSNS

The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is presently being constructed at Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China, and the biological shielding design is needed to prevent the instrument from causing excessive dose rates in accessible locations. In this paper, the study of shielding design for SANS that relies on Monte Carlo simulation is introduced. Beam line shielding calculations are performed considering both scenarios of closed versus open T0 chopper. The basic design scheme of the beam stop is discussed. The size of the T0 chopper rotor is also estimated.     

N_2-H_2容性耦合等离子体电非对称效应的particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo模拟

H_2-N_2混合气体电容性耦合射频放电在有机低介电系数材料刻蚀中具潜在研究意义.采用paxticle-incell/Monte Carlo模型模拟了双频(13.56 MHz/27.12 MHz)电压源分别接在结构对称的两个电极上的H_2-N_2容性耦合等离子体特征,研究了其电非对称效应.模拟结果表明,通过调节两谐波间的相位角θ,可以改变其电场、等离子体密度、离子流密度的轴向分布及离子轰击电极的能量分布.当相位角θ为0°时,低频电极(晶片)附近主要离子(H_3~+)的密度最小,离子(H_3~+,H_2~+,H~+)轰击低频电极的流密度及平均能量最高;当θ从0°变化90°时,低频电极的自偏压从-103V到106V近似线性增加,轰击电极的离子流密度变化约±18%,H~+离子轰击低频电极的最大能量约减小2.5倍,轰击电极的平均能量约变化2倍,表明氢离子能量和离子流几乎能独立控制.     

飞秒激光等离子体中电子热传导现象的数值模拟

采用相对论电磁粒子模拟程序研究了飞秒激光等离子体相互作用中产生的电流密度、电场和自生磁场的发展演化过程。介绍了电子的非局域热输运的基本特性以及激光加热过程中温度烧蚀前沿稠密等离子体子区的预热效应、临界面附近的限流效应,以及冕区的反扩散与限流效应,得到了经典Spitzer-Harm理论描述的电子热传导随自生磁场的演化情形。数值模拟表明:在线性强激光作用下,由于电子初始时刻的无规则热运动,在等离子体上激发电磁不稳定性,而不稳定性激发的强电磁场使电子束在非常短的距离内沉积能量,同时对在激光有质动力推开电子时形成的超热电子能量输运产生抑制作用。     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15 μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5 km范围内信号误码率<10－4.因此位于水下60 m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.