非光滑时间分数阶齐次扩散方程的修正

当初值不光滑时,时间分数阶齐次扩散方程数值方法的精度会下降.为了得到高阶时间收敛格式,提出加权移位的Grünwald-Letnikov的修正格式,运用Lubich的修正方法,得到非光滑时间分数阶齐次扩散方程的收敛阶仍为O(k²).最后,通过数值算例验证了数值计算结果与理论计算结果一致.     

Exact constants in Poincaré type inequalities for functions with zero mean boundary traces

In this paper, we investigate Poincaré type inequalities for the functions having zero mean value on the whole boundary of a Lipschitz domain or on a measurable part of the boundary. We find exact and easily computable constants in these inequalities for some basic domains (rectangles, cubes, and right triangles) and discuss applications of the inequalities to quantitative analysis of partial differential equations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Weak type estimates for maximal operators with a cylindric distance function

We establish sharp weak-type estimates for the maximal operators T^λ_* associated with cylindric Riesz means for functions on H^p(ℝ³) when 4/5 <p<1 and λ=3/p−5/2, and when p=4/5 and λ>3/p−5/2. The first author was supported by the Korean Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) No. R04-2002-000-20028-0. The third author was supported by a Korea University Grant.     

Strichartz Estimates for Schr(?)dinger Equations with Non-degenerate Coefficients

In the present paper,the full range Strichartz estimates for homogeneous Schr(?)dinger equations with non-degenerate and non-smooth coefficients are proved.For inhomogeneous equation,the non-endpoint Strichartz estimates are also obtained.     

Using adjoint error estimation techniques for elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact problems

The use of an adjoint technique for goal‐based error estimation described by Hartit et al. (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2005; 47 :1069–1074) is extended to the numerical solution of free boundary problems that arise in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). EHL systems are highly nonlinear and consist of a thin‐film approximation of the flow of a non‐Newtonian lubricant which separates two bodies that are forced together by an applied load, coupled with a linear elastic model for the deformation of the bodies. A finite difference discretization of the line contact flow problem is presented, along with the numerical evaluation of an exact solution for the elastic deformation, and a moving grid representation of the free boundary that models cavitation at the outflow in this one‐dimensional case. The application of a goal‐based error estimate for this problem is then described. This estimate relies on the solution of an adjoint problem; its effectiveness is demonstrated for the physically important goal of the total friction through the contact. Finally, the application of this error estimate to drive local mesh refinement is demonstrated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Density estimates for a random noise propagating through a chain of differential equations

We here provide two sided bounds for the density of the solution of a system of n differential equations of dimension d, the first one being forced by a non-degenerate random noise and the n−1 other ones being degenerate. The system formed by the n equations satisfies a suitable Hörmander condition: the second equation feels the noise plugged into the first equation, the third equation feels the noise transmitted from the first to the second equation and so on … , so that the noise propagates one way through the system. When the coefficients of the system are Lipschitz continuous, we show that the density of the solution satisfies Gaussian bounds with non-diffusive time scales. The proof relies on the interpretation of the density of the solution as the value function of some optimal stochastic control problem.     

A proof of Price's Law on Schwarzschild black hole manifolds for all angular momenta

Price's Law states that linear perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole fall off as t−2?−3 for t→∞ provided the initial data decay sufficiently fast at spatial infinity. Moreover, if the perturbations are initially static (i.e., their time derivative is zero), then the decay is predicted to be t−2?−4. We give a proof of t−2?−2 decay for general data in the form of weighted L¹ to L^∞ bounds for solutions of the Regge–Wheeler equation. For initially static perturbations we obtain t−2?−3. The proof is based on an integral representation of the solution which follows from self-adjoint spectral theory. We apply two different perturbative arguments in order to construct the corresponding spectral measure and the decay bounds are obtained by appropriate oscillatory integral estimates.     

Finite element analysis of thermally coupled nonlinear Darcy flows

We consider a coupled system describing nonlinear Darcy flows with temperature dependent viscosity and with viscous heating. We first establish existence, uniqueness, and regularity of the weak solution of the system of equations. Next, we decouple the coupled system by a fixed point algorithm and propose its finite element approximation. Finally, we present convergence analysis with an error estimate between continuous solution and its iterative finite element approximation.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010     

Bootstrap approximation of nearest neighbor regression function estimates

Let (X, Y) be a random vector in the plane and denote by m(x) = (Y|X = x) the corresponding regression function. We show that the bootstrap approximation for the distribution of a smoothed nearest neighbor estimate of m(x) is valid. Also we compare, by Monte Carlo, confidence intervals which are obtained from both the normal and the bootstrap approximation.     

Carleman Estimates for Second-Order Hyperbolic Equations

In the space of variables (x, t) ∈ ? ⁿ⁺¹, we consider a linear second-order hyperbolic equation with coefficients depending only on x. Given a domain D ? ? ⁿ⁺¹ whose projection to the x-space is a compact domain Ω, we consider the question of construction of a stability estimate for a solution to the Cauchy problem with data on the lateral boundary S of D. The well-known method for obtaining such estimates bases on the Carleman estimates with an exponential-type weight function exp(2τ?(x, t)) whose construction faces certain difficulties in case of hyperbolic equations with variable coefficients. We demonstrate that if D is symmetric with respect to the plane t = 0 then we can take ?(x, t) to be the function ?(x, t) = s ²(x, x ⁰) ? pt ², where s(x, x ⁰) is the distance between points x and x ⁰ in the Riemannian metric induced by the differential equation, p is some positive number less than 1, and the fixed point x ⁰ can either belong to the domain Ω or lie beyond it. As for the metric, we suppose that the sectional curvature of the corresponding Riemannian space is bounded above by some number k ₀ ≥ 0. In case of space of nonpositive curvature the parameter p can be taken arbitrarily close to 1; in this case as p → 1 the stability estimates lead to a uniqueness theorem which describes exactly the domain of the solution continuation through S. It turns out that, in case of space of bounded positive curvature, construction of a Carleman estimate is possible only if the product of k ₀ and sup _x∈Ω s ²(x, x ⁰) satisfies some smallness condition.