Numerical simulation of an axisymmetric separated and reattached flow over a longitudinal blunt circular cylinder

This article presents a numerical investigation of turbulent flow in an axisymmetric separated and reattached flow over a longitudinal blunt circular cylinder. The governing equations were discretized by the finite-volume method and SIMPLER method was applied to solve the equations on a staggered grid. The turbulent flow was numerically simulated using the standard k–ε, Abe–Kondoh–Nagano (AKN) and Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence models. The comparisons made between numerical results and experimental measurements showed that the SST model is superior to other models in the present calculation.Computations were performed for three different Reynolds numbers of 6000, 10 000 and 20 000 based on the cylinder diameter. To our knowledge, this study represents the first numerical investigation of the present flow configuration. The computational results were validated with the available experimental data of reattachment length, mean velocity distribution and wall static pressure coefficient in the turbulent blunt circular cylinder flows. Further, other characteristics of the flow, such as turbulent kinetic energy, pressure, streamlines, and the velocity vectors are discussed.The results show that the main characteristics of the turbulence flow in the separation region, such as reattachment length or velocity profiles, are nearly independent of the Reynolds number. The obtained results showed that a secondary separation bubble may appear in the main separation bubble near the leading edge. Furthermore, it was found that the turbulent kinetic energy has a large effect on the formation of the secondary bubble.     

The effects of cactus inspired spines on the aerodynamics of a cylinder

The effect of cactus-like spines on the topology and the dynamics of the flow past a stationary or pivoted cylinder are experimentally studied. The experiments are performed either in a water channel or a wind tunnel at low to moderate Reynolds number (390–12 500). The instantaneous velocity field is recorded using TR-PIV and investigated for three different configurations: no spines, short spines (0.1D) and long spines (0.2D). The results show how the spines are able to slow the flow past the cylinder and then increase the recirculation area by up to 128% while the maximum fluctuating kinetic energy intensity is decreased by up to 35%. Moreover, the spines have a significant effect on the vortex shedding and the dynamic pressure at the surface of the cylinder, thus significantly reducing both the amplitude and the frequency at which a pivoted cylinder oscillates.     

Transient flow around an impulsively started cylinder using a dynamic mesh method

The finite volume method (FVM) with a dynamic mesh method (DMM) to deal with the moving boundary was applied to the simulation of two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow past a circular cylinder that is impulsively started into rotation and translation. The non-dimensional rotating to translating speed ratio α is varied from 0.28 to 2.07, with the Reynolds number being 200 for the range of α. The computation covers a period, during which the cylinder translates seven times its diameter. The current scheme handles the impulsively moving boundary directly by DMM, which is implemented using both mesh deforming and local remeshing. The instantaneous asymmetrical flow configurations for various α are presented and compared with the experimental visualizations. Quantitatively, the velocity distributions with drag and lift coefficients are also compared with the experimental and numerical results. Results show that the flow is strongly influenced by the rotation. Comparisons are found to be satisfactory.     

生物油对发动机缸套摩擦学性能的影响

以生物油为研究对象,利用乳化技术对生物油进行提质改性,在发动机缸套-活塞环摩擦磨损试验机上考察了提质前后生物油的摩擦学性能.利用表面轮廓仪,扫描电镜与X-射线光电子能谱仪表征了发动机缸套摩擦表面的微观形貌及化学元素状态,探讨了相关的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明:小球藻生物油比稻壳生物油对缸套-活塞环具有更好的减摩抗磨性能;通过乳化提质方法,可以快速提升生物油的性能;生物油的减摩润滑作用归因于油品中的有机物在缸套表面吸附、摩擦挤压及摩擦沉积形成润滑油膜,局部摩擦熔融形成的"微滚珠",以及在摩擦表面生成的Fe₂O₃及FeOOH氧化膜.此外,小球藻生物油能在摩擦副表面形成含N有机保护膜,这是其具有更好摩擦学性能的重要原因.     

Thermal stresses in infinite circular cylinder subjected to rotation

The present investigation is concerned with the effect of rotation on an infinite circular cylinder subjected to certain boundary conditions.An analytical procedure for evaluation of thermal stresses,displacements,and temperature in rotating cylinder subjected to thermal load along the radius is presented.The dynamic thermal stresses in an infinite elastic cylinder of radius a due to a constant temperature applied to a variable portion of the curved surface while the rest of surface is maintained at zero temperature are discussed.Such situation can arise due to melting of insulating material deposited on the surface cylinder.A solution and numerical results are obtained for the stress components,displacement components,and temperature.The results obtained from the present semi-analytical method are in good agreement with those obtained by using the previously developed methods.     

Point defect states of a hollow cylinder in two-dimensional phononic crystal

Point defect states in two-dimensional phononic crystal of a hollow mercury cylinder in a water host are studied.An improved plane expansion method combined with the supercell technique is used to calculate the band gaps and the pressure distribution at the defect position.The sonic pressure of defect modes shows that the waves are localized at or near the defect.As the filing fraction increases,more defect modes appear in the band gaps.     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH DOUBLE-CYLINDER STRUCTURER WITH ARC-SHAPED POROUS OUTER WALL

应用比例边界有限元法（SBFEM）研究了短峰波与圆筒外接圆弧开孔结构物的相互作用．求解时将外接圆弧延伸构建一个虚拟圆,该圆的孔隙影响系数可由矩阵Go统一进行表达．整个流场可划分成一个有限域和一个无限域．SBFEM只需对虚拟圆边界进行离散,使空间维数降低一阶,在圆的半径方向保持解析,并且无限域处的辐射边界条件能自动满足．利用变分原理推导SBFEM方程,有限域和无限域分别采用贝塞尔函数和汉克尔函数作为基函数来求得对应域的解．将计算结果与解析解和其他数值方法进行了比较,验证了该方法是一种用很少单元便能得到精确结果的高效算法．进一步研究了诸如短峰波波向、结构的几何、材料参数等因素对结构所受波浪载荷及绕射波轮廓的影响,并进行了分析．     

隔离板对流向振荡圆柱尾流旋涡脱落的抑制

用隔离板对直径为D, 沿流向振荡的圆柱后涡脱落进行抑制. 隔离板放于圆柱尾流中心线上,控制参数包括隔离板长度L/D以及隔离板前缘到柱体振荡中心的距离G/D. 实验的雷诺数范围Re=V_∞D/v=1.01×10⁴～1.69×10⁴,柱体折减振频范围f_eD/V_∞=0～0.03, 柱体振幅固定为A/D=0.2. 风洞烟线显示和热线测量结果表明:当 G/D位于一个有效区域内时,可有效抑制振荡柱体尾流的旋涡脱落. 该有效区的大小随着隔离板板长的增大而增大, 随着Re数和圆柱振荡频率的增大而减小.     

圆柱壳的塑性膨胀和变形

根据材料不可压缩假设,适当选取材料塑性本构关系,将圆柱壳塑性膨胀运动简化为以圆柱壳内 半径为因变量的常微分方程初值问题。对3种初始内外半径比纯铜厚壁圆柱壳膨胀过程的计算表明,应变率 硬化阻碍圆柱壳的塑性膨胀运动,应变硬化和温度效应的影响可以忽略,而与圆柱壳的厚度无关。     

The Sensitivity Analysis for the Flow Past Obstacles Problem with Respect to the Reynolds Number

In this paper, numerical sensitivity analysis with respect to the Reynolds number for the flow past obstacle problem is presented. To carry out such analysis, at each time step, we need to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on irregular domains twice, one for the primary variables; the other is for the sensitivity variables with homogeneous boundary conditions. The Navier-Stokes solver is the augmented immersed interface method for Navier-Stokes equations on irregular domains. One of the most important contributions of this paper is that our analysis can predict the critical Reynolds number at which the vortex shading begins to develop in the wake of the obstacle. Some interesting experiments are shown to illustrate how the critical Reynolds number varies with different geometric settings.