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71.
72.
层状富锂材料具有超过250 mAh∙g−1的高可逆比容量,被认为是下一代高比能锂离子电池最具商业化前景的正极材料之一。然而,层状富锂材料在实际应用之前仍需解决诸多挑战,如高电压氧释放、层状到岩盐相的结构变化、过渡金属离子迁移等结构劣化,并由此带来了较低的初始库伦效率、电压/容量的衰减以及循环寿命的不足。针对以上问题,进行层状富锂材料改性无疑是一种行之有效的方法。本综述全面介绍了层状富锂材料的结构、组分以及电化学性能,在此基础上对材料改性策略进行了系统阐述,详细介绍了体相掺杂、表面包覆、缺陷设计、离子交换和微结构调控等一系列改性策略的现状以及发展趋势,最终提出了高容量和长循环层状富锂材料和高比能锂离子电池的设计思路。 相似文献
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通过简单高效的醛酮缩合反应,合成了碱性配体2,6-二(4-吡啶基亚甲基)环己酮(BPCH),采用3种芳香羧酸配体:对苯二甲酸(H2TP)、间苯二甲酸(H2IP)和均苯三甲酸(H3TMA),以混合配体策略制备了7例金属有机骨架(MOFs)。用单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射和热重分析对其进行表征并分析其拓扑结构。MOFs1、2、3均呈现为多样的三维结构,MOFs4~7表现为同构的二维结构。荧光测试结果显示该类化合物对Fe3+有较好的荧光猝灭效应,同时对于染料具有一定的吸附能力。 相似文献
76.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(9):104080
In the present study, a dual recognition strategy for ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+ was successfully developed for the first time based on aptamer functionalized sulfur quantum dots (Apt-SQDs). The developed Apt-SQDs not only retained the good fluorescence properties of quantum dots but also overcame the problem of poor selectivity of SQDs for heavy metal ions. This system used the dual recognition strategy, including the combination of Sx2? and Hg2+ and T-Hg2+-T structures to excellently identify and capture Hg2+, and an ultrahigh sensitivity fluorescent aptasensor was fabricated. The fluorescent aptasensor had a good response to Hg2+ at concentrations ranging of 10?15 to 10?7 M with an ultralow limit of detection of 0.3 fM, and the response to other metal ions was far less than that to Hg2+. It was successfully applied to detect Hg2+ in nearby environmental water samples (tap water, lake water and river water) with a good recovery rate. Moreover, portable test papers that would be useful for Hg2+ monitoring in environmental water were designed. The dual recognition strategy not only achieves ultrasensitive fluorescent detection of Hg2+ but also provides a new insight into the further expansion of the application of SQDs. 相似文献
77.
基于进化博弈视角的水源地与下游生态补偿合作演化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水源地与下游地方政府之间的协议合作可以协调流域上下游之间的矛盾和利益,是一种可实现流域生态保护良性循环的生态补偿尝试。本文应用进化博弈的双种群博弈理论,研究了水源地和下游地方政府之间博弈演化过程及影响因素。研究表明,流域上下游地方政府合作的演化方向主要受水源地不保护及下游不补偿受到的惩罚、下游对水源地的补偿额度、水源地和下游合作的初始成本、水源地生态保护的成本及收益等八个因素的影响。降低水源地的保护成本及水源地和下游合作的初始成本,提高水源地因保护而获得的综合效益、提高水源地不保护及下游不补偿受到的惩罚额度、合理确定下游对水源地的补偿额度将有利于水源地生态补偿机制向合作方向演进。 相似文献
78.
We study the optimal dividend problem where the surplus process of an insurance company is modelled by a diffusion process. The insurer is not ruined when the surplus becomes negative, but penalty payments occur, depending on the level of the surplus. The penalty payments shall avoid that losses can rise above any number and can be seen as a preference measure or costs for negative capital. As examples, exponential and linear penalty payments are considered. It turns out that a barrier dividend strategy is optimal. 相似文献
79.
In sensitivity experiments, the response is binary and each experimental unit has a critical stimulus level that cannot be observed directly. It is often of interest to estimate extreme quantiles of the distribution of these critical stimulus levels over the tested products. For this purpose a new sequential scheme is proposed with some commonly used models. By using the bootstrap repeated-sampling principle, reasonable prior distributions based on a historic data set are specified. Then, a Bayesian strategy for the sequential procedure is provided and the estimator is given. Further, a high order approximation for such an estimator is explored and its consistency is proven. A simulation study shows that the proposed method gives superior performances over the existing methods. 相似文献
80.
A Complex Adaptive System is a collection of autonomous, heterogeneous agents, whose behavior is defined with a limited number of rules. A Game Theory is a mathematical construct that assumes a small number of rational players who have a limited number of actions or strategies available to them. The CAS method has the potential to alleviate some of the shortcomings of GT. On the other hand, CAS researchers are always looking for a realistic way to define interactions among agents. GT offers an attractive option for defining the rules of such interactions in a way that is both potentially consistent with observed real‐world behavior and subject to mathematical interpretation. This article reports on the results of an effort to build a CAS system that utilizes GT for determining the actions of individual agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,24–42, 2010 相似文献