Exploring mathematical connections of pre-university students through tasks involving rates of change

This paper reports the results of a research exploring the mathematical connections of pre-university students while they solving tasks which involving rates of change. We assume mathematical connections as a cognitive process through which a person finds real relationships between two or more ideas, concepts, definitions, theorems, procedures, representations or meanings or with other disciplines or the real-world. Four tasks were proposed to the 33 pre-university students that participated in this research; the central concept of the first task is the slope, the last three tasks contain concepts like velocity, speed and acceleration. Task-based interviews were conducted to collect data and later analysed with thematic analysis. Results showed most of the students made mathematical connections of the procedural type, the mathematical connections of the common features type are made in smaller quantities and the mathematical connection of the generalization type is scarcely made. Furthermore, students considered slope as a concept disconnected from velocity, speed and acceleration.     

微课模式下初中生自学化学能力研究及提升策略

以本校全体初三年级学生为研究对象,并将其分成实验组与对照组;通过集体备课设计完成的微课被上传至线上供实验组学生自学使用;经过2个月的实践,对学生的自学化学能力进行调查、比较与分析。结果表明,借助微课进行自学能提高学生的自学化学能力;在性别差异上,女生自学化学能力依旧好于男生,男生自学化学能力获得明显进步,实践效果好于女生;在学业水平差异上,学困生自学化学能力提升幅度最大,中等生次之,而优等生自学化学能力提升幅度最小。基于以上研究结论及实践中获得的经验,提出下列建议:建构具有中学化学学科特色的“微课链”;搭建学生反馈和教师交流的平台;构建家校联合体监督学生自学过程。     

研究生参与实验室大型仪器管理的探索

阐述了研究生参与大型仪器管理的必要性、运行机制及实施环节,建立了"统一管理,专人负责,用管结合,开放使用"的管理模式.实践证明,这一措施的实施对规范大型仪器管理、提高仪器利用率以及实验室科研项目顺利进行起到了积极促进作用.     

Untargeted Identification of Black Rice by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and One-Class Models

Black rice is one of the famous rare rice varieties in China. It is common to sell inferior black rice intentionally declared as famous brands due to economical motivation. There is an urgent need to develop an analytical method for untargeted identification of black rice. The present work focuses on exploring the feasibility of the untargeted identification of black rice by the combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and data driven-based class modeling and variable selection. A total of 142 samples of three brands were collected and used for measurements. The samples of a specific class were used as the target class. Principal component analysis was applied for the preliminary analysis. The model-independent variable selection method, i.e., joint mutual information, was used for spectral compression. Only the 10 most informative variables were picked from original variables based on which an optimal class-model for the target class was constructed and validated by means of an external test set. As a result, the model achieved 100% of sensitivity and specificity. It can be concluded that NIR spectroscopy combined with one-class modeling is a feasible tool for the untargeted identification of black rice.     

黄葆同归国始末：1950年代留美学生回国因素探析

黄葆同院士（1921-2005）是我国高分子化学领域的资深专家。早年留学美国,1955年回国后一直在中国科学院长春应用化学研究所工作。在乙丙橡胶合成等研究领域走在全国前列。基于对“老科学家学术成长资料采集工程”所存大量书信和日记等的解读分析,论文还原了黄葆同在美留学期间加入进步组织、争取回国的历史过程以及求学经历。并以此为缩影,探讨当时促使留美学生回国的个体与社会因素,具体而微地揭示了那一代中国留学生在困境之中的家国情怀。     

不同版本高中化学教科书中学生必做实验的分析与启示——基于“科学探究与创新意识”素养

以人教版、苏教版、鲁科版(2019年版)和沪科版(2020年版)高中化学教科书中的学生必做实验文本为研究对象,基于“科学探究与创新意识”素养构建高中化学教科书中学生必做实验文本的分析框架,分析和比较4个版本教科书中学生必做实验文本“科学探究与创新意识”素养的体现及其异同,为学生必做实验教学提供启示和建议。     

黑蚂蚁的脂肪酸及抗氧化性能的分析

对黑蚂蚁中脂肪酸的组成和含量进行测定。采用索氏提取法提取其脂肪酸,再进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行了分离和鉴定。由黑蚂蚁中分离鉴定出11种脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的99.78%,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的80.65%,饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的19.13。通过流动注射化学发光法分析了黑蚂蚁的抗氧化性能,结果表明,黑蚂蚁具有较强的抗氧化性能。     

多层黑磷中厚度和应力依赖的能隙变化研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了单层及多层黑磷晶体的能隙随层数和外加应力的变化.计算结果表明,体系能隙随着层数的增加而减小,当层数增加到10时,二维黑磷的能隙非常接近于其体材料值.层间的相互作用导致的能带劈裂是能隙减小的直接原因.应力对10层黑磷电子结构的影响也被研究.计算表明,压缩应力可以使10层黑磷从半导体转变为金属,而拉伸应力仅对能隙大小产生影响.     

Post-primary students’ images of mathematics: findings from a survey of Irish ordinary level mathematics students

A questionnaire survey was carried out as part of a PhD research study to investigate the image of mathematics held by post-primary students in Ireland. The study focused on students in fifth year of post-primary education studying ordinary level mathematics for the Irish Leaving Certificate examination – the final examination for students in second-level or post-primary education. At the time this study was conducted, ordinary level mathematics students constituted approximately 72% of Leaving Certificate students. Students were aged between 15 and 18 years. A definition for ‘image of mathematics’ was adapted from Lim and Wilson, with image of mathematics hypothesized as comprising attitudes, beliefs, self-concept, motivation, emotions and past experiences of mathematics. A questionnaire was composed incorporating 84 fixed-response items chosen from eight pre-established scales by Aiken, Fennema and Sherman, Gourgey and Schoenfeld. This paper focuses on the findings from the questionnaire survey. Students’ images of mathematics are compared with regard to gender, type of post-primary school attended and prior mathematical achievement.     

DlSlab实验系统在师范生技能训练中的应用

数字化信息系统实验室( Digital Information System Laboratory)(简称DISLab)的引入可以简化物理实验的操作、加快数据采集与处理的速度并提高精度,因此,将DISLab用于课堂演示和微课制作,可以使抽象的理论更加形象化、实验过程动态化,更易于学生对知识的理解和接受。本文以向心力研究实验为例,说明了通过DISLab实验的微课的设计和录制,可以训练物理师范生从学生视角出发,设计教学内容和教学思想、引导学生跟随实验过程进行思考,提高物理师范生的教学技能。