Wall shear stress and near-wall convective transport: Comparisons with vascular remodelling in a peripheral graft anastomosis

Fluid dynamic properties of blood flow are implicated in cardiovascular diseases. The interaction between the blood flow and the wall occurs through the direct transmission of forces, and through the dominating influence of the flow on convective transport processes. Controlled, in vitro testing in simple geometric configurations has provided much data on the cellular-level responses of the vascular walls to flow, but a complete, mechanistic explanation of the pathogenic process is lacking. In the interim, mapping the association between local haemodynamics and the vascular response is important to improve understanding of the disease process and may be of use for prognosis. Moreover, establishing the haemodynamic environment in the regions of disease provides data on flow conditions to guide investigations of cellular-level responses.     

Berry phase and Hannay’s angle in the Born–Oppenheimer hybrid systems

In this paper, we investigate the Berry phase and Hannay’s angle in the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) hybrid systems and obtain their algebraic expressions in terms of one form connection. The semiclassical relation of Berry phase and Hannay’s angle is discussed. We find that, besides the usual connection term, the Berry phase of quantum BO composite system also contains a novel term brought forth by the coupling induced effective gauge potential. This quantum modification can be viewed as an effective Aharonov–Bohm effect. Moreover, the similar phenomenon is founded in Hannay’s angle of classical BO composite system, which indicates that the Berry phase and Hannay’s angle possess the same relation as the usual one. An example is used to illustrate our theory. This scheme can be used to generate artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms. Besides, the quantum–classical hybrid BO system is also studied to compare with the results in full quantum and full classical composite systems.     

Effects of the density dependence of the symmetry energy on neutron stars

In this paper,we include the density dependence behavior of the symmetry energy in the improved quark mass density dependent (IQMDD) model.Under the mean field approximation,this model is applied to investigate neutron star matter and neutron stars successfully.Effects of the density dependence of the symmetry energy on neutron stars are described.     

Adiabatic approximation in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics

In this paper, we present a quantitative sufficient condition for adiabatic approximation in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics, which yields that a state of the PT-symmetric quantum system at any time will remain approximately in the m-th eigenstate up to a multiplicative phase factor whenever it is initially in the m-th eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. In addition, we estimate the approximation errors by the distance and the fidelity between the exact solution and the adiabatic approximate solution to the time evolution equation, respectively.     

Beyond Black-Scholes: semimartingales and Lévy processes for option pricing

We consider the problem of option pricing when the underlying asset follows a general semimartingale process. After reviewing the foundations of arbitrage pricing theory for semimartingales and the link with Lévy processes, we introduce a general method to price options in this framework based on Fourier and Wavelet analysis. Received 4 September 2000     

Effect of size and charge on ordering of a highly charged concentrated macroions in suspension

An efficient fast Fourier transform method has been employed to determine correlation function [g(r*)] using the structure factor [S(Q*)] calculated with the rescaled mean spherical approximation (RMSA) and the DLVO potential. Based on this function a parametric (size and charge) study of the ordering in a highly charged and concentrated macroions (an ideal colloid) has been made. The strength of the correlation increases with the increase in the charge on macroions and it saturates after acertain value. Similarly, a critical diameter of the particle depending on the charge on it has been found at which normal feature of the ordering disappears.     

Quantum phase transitions of fermionic atoms in an anisotropic triangular optical lattice

The effect of anisotropy caused by a confining potential on the properties of fermionic cold atoms in a triangular optical lattice is systematically investigated by using the dynamical cluster approximation combined with the continuous time quantum Monte–Carlo algorithm.The quantum phase diagrams which reflect the temperature–interaction relation and the competition between the anisotropic parameter and the interaction are presented with full consideration of the anisotropy of the system.Our results show that the system undergoes a transition from Fermi liquid to Mott insulator when the repulsive interaction reaches a critical value.The Kondo effect also can be observed in this system and the pseudogap is suppressed at low temperatures due to the Kondo effect.A feasible experiment protocol to observe these phenomena in an anisotropic triangular optical lattice with cold atoms is proposed,in which the hopping terms are closely related to the lattice confining potential and the atomic interaction can be adjusted via the Feshbach resonance.     

碳纳米管束中的正电子理论

采用中性原子叠加模型和有限差分方法(SNA-FD)计算了大范围内不同管径的单壁碳纳米管束中的正电子情况，发现对于单壁碳纳米管束，正电子的主要湮没区域，湮没对象和正电子寿命随碳纳米管管径的不同而发生规律性变化.计算得到管径范围在0.8—1.6nm的碳纳米管束的正电子寿命范围为332—470ps，与实验测得的394ps符合较好.     

Determination of optical properties of slices of turbid media by diffuse CW laser light scattering profilometry

In this work we present a method for determining the optical parameters of turbid media, namely its absorption coefficient (μ_a) and its reduced scattering coefficient . It is based on the measurement of CW transmittance profiles and analysis of the experimental data by a theoretical model based on the diffusion approximation (DA) of the radiative transfer equation (RTE). The method developed has been investigated with solid polymer probes but it could be applied for liquid materials as well. Experimental results are presented and compared to those of other authors together with a discussion about the accuracy of measurements. In addition, measurements using integrating spheres as well as Monte Carlo simulations are also presented to validate these results.     

Random-phase approximation correlation methods for molecules and solids

Random-phase approximation (RPA) correlation methods based on Kohn–Sham density-functional theory and Hartree–Fock are derived using the adiabatic-connection fluctuation dissipation theorem. It is shown that the correlation energy within the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem is exact in a Kohn–Sham framework while for Hartree–Fock reference states this is not the case. This shows that Kohn–Sham reference states are probably better suited to describe electron correlation for use in RPA methods than Hartree–Fock reference states. Both, Kohn–Sham and Hartree–Fock RPA methods are related to each other both by comparing the underlying correlation functionals and numerically through the comparison of total energies and reaction energies for a set of small organic molecules.