An Aluminum Fluoride Complex with an Appended Ammonium Salt as an Exceptionally Active Cooperative Catalyst for the Asymmetric Carboxycyanation of Aldehydes

Al−F bonds are among the most stable σ bonds known, exhibiting an even higher bond energy than Si−F bonds. Despite a stability advantage and a potentially high Lewis acidity of Al−F complexes, they have not been described as structurally defined catalysts for enantioselective reactions. We show that Al−F salen complexes with appended ammonium moieties give exceptional catalytic activity in asymmetric carboxycyanations. In addition to aromatic aldehydes, enal and aliphatic substrates are well accepted. Turnover numbers up to around 10⁴ were achieved, whereas with previous catalysts 10¹–10² turnovers were typically attained. In contrast to Al−Me and Al−Cl salen complexes, the analogous Al−F species are remarkably stable towards air, water, and heat, and can be recovered unchanged after catalysis. They possess a considerably increased Lewis acidity as shown by DFT calculations.     

Nucleon-pair approximation to the nuclear shell model

Atomic nuclei are complex systems of nucleons–protons and neutrons. Nucleons interact with each other via an attractive and short-range force. This feature of the interaction leads to a pattern of dominantly monopole and quadrupole correlations between like particles (i.e., proton–proton and neutron–neutron correlations) in low-lying states of atomic nuclei. As a consequence, among dozens or even hundreds of possible types of nucleon pairs, very few nucleon pairs such as proton and neutron pairs with spin zero, two (in some cases spin four), and occasionally isoscalar spin-aligned proton–neutron pairs, play important roles in low-energy nuclear structure. The nucleon-pair approximation therefore provides us with an efficient truncation scheme of the full shell model configurations which are otherwise too large to handle for medium and heavy nuclei in foreseeable future. Furthermore, the nucleon-pair approximation leads to simple pictures in physics, as the dimension of nucleon-pair subspace is always small. The present paper aims at a sound review of its history, formulation, validity, applications, as well as its link to previous approaches, with the focus on the new developments in the last two decades. The applicability of the nucleon-pair approximation and numerical calculations of low-lying states for realistic atomic nuclei are demonstrated with examples. Applications of pair approximations to other problems are also discussed.     

利用高非线性光纤产生量子关联光子对的实验研究

光纤中基于三阶(克尔)非线性效应的自发四波混频是制备量子关联光子对的有效方法之一。若采用商售高非线性光纤作为产生光子对的非线性介质,则有利于减小所需光纤的长度,从而缩小实验装置体积并降低对于抽运源的要求。利用脉冲光抽运20m的高非线性光纤产生通讯波段的频率近简并关联光子对,研究了光纤的弱双折射特性对于光子对产生的影响。当抽运光沿高非线性光纤的偏振轴入射时,具有最大的光子对产生效率,且光子对绝大部分与抽运光偏振平行;抽运光沿与光纤偏振轴45°入射时,光子对的产生效率最小,约为最大值的80%。     

(TCNQ)22-基氢键分子磁体表现出非常强的反铁磁偶合作用

合成并表征了一种新的离子对化合物[4-NH2-Py][TCNQ](其中4-NH2-Py+是4-氨基吡啶阳离子,TCNQ-为7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷自由基阴离子)。在该离子对化合物晶体中,2个TCNQ-离子形成了面对面堆积的二聚体;阴离子中的氰基分别和阳离子上的氨基、吡啶质子化氮原子之间存在非常强的分子间氢键。通过氢键作用,相邻的TCNQ-二聚体被阳离子连成三维氢键网络。变温磁化率测量表明,在2～400 K温度范围内,该离子对化合物表现为抗磁性。在密度泛函理论框架下,用对称性破损方法计算了化合物晶体中π二聚体内以及通过氢键连接的相邻的TCNQ-离子之间的磁交换常数,发现π二聚体内存在非常强的反铁磁交换作用,与之相比,通过氢键连接的TCNQ-离子之间的磁交换作用可以忽略。π二聚体内强反铁磁交换作用(J/kB≈1805 K)导致了该化合物基本表现为抗磁性。     

[R-C7H16N2][V2Te2O10] and [S-C7H16N2][V2Te2O10]; new polar templated vanadium tellurite enantiomers

New polar vanadium tellurite enantiomers have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions through the use of sodium metavanadate, sodium tellurite and enantiomerically pure sources of either R-3-aminioquinuclidine or S-3-aminioquinuclidine. [R-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] and [S-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] contain [V₂Te₂O₁₀]_n²ⁿ⁻ layers constructed from [(VO₂)₂O(TeO₄)₂] monomers. Steric effects associated with the hydrogen-bonding network between the [V₂Te₂O₁₀]_n²ⁿ⁻ layers and [C₇H₁₆N₂]²⁺ result in polar structures and crystallization in the space group P2₁ (no. 4). Electron localization functions were calculated to visualize the tellurite stereoactive lone pairs. Both iterative and non-iterative Hirshfeld techniques were evaluated as means to determine atomic partial charges, with iterative Hirshfeld charges more accurately representing charge distributions in the reported enantiomers. These charges were used to calculate both component and net dipole moments. [R-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] and [S-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] exhibit dipole moments of 17.37 and 16.62D, respectively. [R-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] and [S-C₇H₁₆N₂][V₂Te₂O₁₀] both display type 1 phase-matching capabilities and exhibit second harmonic generation activities of ∼50×α-SiO₂.     

苏丹红Ⅰ在乙醇溶液中的紫外-可见光谱

研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在极性溶剂乙醇中的紫外-可见光谱,同时考察了水、酸碱度、温度和时间等不同实验条件对苏丹红Ⅰ-乙醇溶液紫外-可见光谱的影响.结果表明,苏丹红Ⅰ在乙醇溶液中形成的紫外-可见光谱特征吸收峰主要与其偶氮-醌腙异构体和分子型体有关;在乙醇-水溶液中,苏丹红Ⅰ的可见区特征吸收峰逐渐红移,最大红移达11nm,最大增幅为...     

一维链状席夫碱镉(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及结构表征

以乙酰丙酮和1,4-二(邻氨基苯氧基)丁烷进行缩合得到Schiff碱配体L,再与CdI2进行配位反应,得到了配合物[CdLI2]n(1),并用元素分析,FTIR和X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征.结果表明,配合物1属于正交晶系,空间群为Ccca,晶体参数:a=1.70361(9)nm,b=4.5965(3)nm,c=2.48...     

Cu2+对腺嘧啶-胸腺嘧啶碱基对阴离子质子转移的影响

采用B3LYP/DZP++方法研究了腺嘌呤-胸腺嘧啶(A-T)碱基对阴离子(AT)-的单质子转移机理以及金属离子Cu2+对(AT)-碱基对质子转移的影响.(AT)-碱基对的单质子转移路径是由胸腺嘧啶N25位上的质子H26沿分子间的氢键N25-H26…N10转移到腺嘌呤的N10位.金属Cu2+可通过络合作用分别吸附在(AT)-碱基对O24、O28、N4、N13上,从而影响(AT)-碱基对中质子转移过程.Cu2+络合作用在胸腺嘧啶(T)的O24、O28上时,发生了从胸腺嘧啶到腺嘌呤方向上的单质子转移反应;而作用在腺嘌呤(A)的N4、N13上时,得到了双质子转移的稳定产物.     

Remote Communication in a DNA-Based Nanoswitch

Nano-telegraph: It is shown quantum chemically how the hydrogen-bond strength of a DNA base pair can be remotely switched (across several nanometers) between three states (weak, intermediate, and strong) through a π-conjugated "organic wire".