Representing workloads in GI/G/1 queues through the preemptive-resume LIFO queue discipline

We give in this paper a detailed sample-average analysis of GI/G/1 queues with the preemptive-resume LIFO (last-in-first-out) queue discipline: we study the long-run state behavior of the system by averaging over arrival epochs, departure epochs, as well as time, and obtain relations that express the resulting averages in terms of basic characteristics within busy cycles. These relations, together with the fact that the preemptive-resume LIFO queue discipline is work-conserving, imply new representations for both actual and virtual delays in standard GI/G/1 queues with the FIFO (first-in-first-out) queue discipline. The arguments by which our results are obtained unveil the underlying structural explanations for many classical and somewhat mysterious results relating to queue lengths and/or delays in standard GI/G/1 queues, including the well-known Bene's formula for the delay distribution in M/G/l. We also discuss how to extend our results to settings more general than GI/G/1.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,3′-(Hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(1-acetyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin),a New Inducer of Differentiation

1 INTRODUCTION Hexamethylenebis[acetamide] (HMBA) is an effective agent in phaseⅡclinical trial[1] that induces differentiation of certain types of tumors to nonmalignant phenotypes. In an attempt to discover more efficient inducers, a number of derivatives of HMBA have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro[2, 3]. The results proved that increasing the number of functional groups could enhance the anticancer activity. In addition, it was evident that compounds with six methylene i…     

中药配方颗粒红外光谱法的快速鉴别

采用红外光谱法对中药配方颗粒及其辅料进行了鉴别研究。结果表明：不同生产厂商的配方颗粒中所添加的辅料类型及用量有较大差别；不同种的配方颗粒在辅料含量较低的情况下有较明显的指纹性，而辅料含量较高时，采用差谱技术可以提高谱图的指纹性，达到中药配方颗粒--鉴别的目的。该法简便、快速、可靠，是中药配方颗粒宏观质控的一个强有力的手段。     

Qualitative estimation of the dependence of the number of energetic compounds on their oxygen coefficient

The ratio between the numbers of structural formulas of C,H,N,O-containing energetic compounds belonging to the classes of fuels (low values of the oxygen coefficientA), explosives (mediumA), and oxidants (highA values) was studied by a computer generation procedure. The number of the theoretically possible structural formulas was found to decrease rapidly on going from fuels to explosives and then to oxidants; this observation agrees with the data on the numbers of various energetic compounds currently used and proposed. The strategy of the search for new compounds with the specified properties is described in brief, and its applicability to the search for explosives and oxidants with a small (up to 12) number of atoms in a molecule is evaluated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1304–1310, July, 1998.     

Synthesis of N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature

N-（α-Alkoxyalkyl）benzotriazoles were synthesized via the condensation of benzotriazole with various aldehydes and alcohols catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid [hmim]HSO4 at room temperature. The yield was up to 99%. This novel method was effective when triethoxymethane was utilized instead of alcohols. Moreover, acidic ionic liquid could be reused easily with no significant degradation of its catalytic activity.     

Resolution method for overlapping peaks based on the fractional-order differential

Equations between the differential order and the maximum of the fractional-order differential for the specified peak signals are developed based on the variation of the maximum of the specified peak signals at different orders. Also, equations between the differential order and the zero-crossing of the fractional-order differential of the specified peak signals are proposed according to the variation of the zero-crossing of the specified peak signals at different orders. Characteristic paramters of the Gaus- sian peak, Lorentzian peak, and Tsallis peak can be estimated using estimator I and estimator II which are obtained by the equations above. As a result, a new method is presented to resolve the overlapped peaks signal. Firstly, a fractional-order differential of the specified peak signals is obtained with the fractional-order differentiation filter. Then, characteristic paramters of the specified peak signals can be extracted using estimator I and estimator II. Finally, the Tsallis peak is used as a model to assign the overlapping peak signals correctly. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and effective for the simulated overlapping peaks and detected overlapping voltammetric peak signals.     

双质谱测定地卟啉取代基组成的解析方法及其应用

根据卟啉标样的双质谱特征，建立一种计算卟啉环上取代基组成的方法。卟啉的平均分子结构简式衡量其取代基的组成，尤其对地质体中相同碳数的卟啉“混合物”大环外取代基的构成十分有效。     

On the Integration by Parts and Characterization of a Fractional Diffusion Process北大核心CSCD

本文研究分数扩散过程和其分部积分公式的关系.首先利用Bismut方法给出拉回公式,进而得到分数扩散过程的分部积分公式。反过来,证明了分数扩散过程可由其分部积分公式唯一刻画.     

Convolution semigroups and central limit theorem associated with a dual convolution structure

We consider hypergroups associated with Jacobi functions ⁽⁾ (x), (–1/2). We prove the existence of a dual convolution structure on [0,+[i(]0,s ₀]{{) =++1,s ₀=min(,–+1). Next we establish a Lévy-Khintchine type formula which permits to characterize the semigroup and the infinitely divisible probabilities associated with this dual convolution, finally we prove a central limit theorem.     

Rate conservation laws: A survey

We survey the rate conservation law, RCL for short, arising in queues and related stochastic models. RCL was recognized as one of the fundamental principles to get relationships between time and embedded averages such as the extended Little's formulaH=G, but we show that it has other applications. For example, RCL is one of the important techniques for deriving equilibrium equations for stochastic processes. It is shown that the various techniques, including Mecke's formula for a stationary random measure, can be formulated as RCL. For this purpose, we start with a new definition of the rate with respect to a random measure, and generalize RCL by using it. We further introduce the notion of quasi-expectation, which is a certain extension of the ordinary expectation, and derive RCL applicable to the sample average results. It means that the sample average formulas such asH=G can be obtained as the stationary RCL in the quasi-expectation framework. We also survey several extensions of RCL and discuss examples. Throughout the paper, we would like to emphasize how results can be easily obtained by using a simple principle, RCL.