供应链协作创新模式比较与协调

从供应链中居于核心地位的供应商出发,基于下游制造商对上游创新的影响,在需求对价格敏感情况下考虑了供应商、制造商、第三方研发机构协作创新的博弈过程,对供应链创新协作的三种模式进行了建模分析。研究结果发现在创新能力相当的情况下,无论从创新力度、各方期望利润,还是从满足需求量等来看,供应商与供应链上关系紧密的下游协作创新的模式不仅可以降低自己创新的投资和创新风险,而且提高了整个供应链创新力度和水平,又可以在收益上双赢,其优于不进行协作创新和委托第三方研发机构的协作创新模式。最后进一步提出了供应链协调策略。     

顾客策略行为下基于联合促销努力的风险规避供应链协调模型

本文在考虑顾客策略行为情形下,利用条件风险度量准则建立了带有联合促销努力供应链协调模型,研究了风险规避对销售商和供应商决策行为的影响,得到了如下研究结论:(1)集中决策情形,价格承诺策略既可以激励供应商提高生产量,还能够有效降低顾客策略行为对其产生的负面影响。(2)分散决策情形,销售商风险规避度增大,销售商的订购量将增加,供应商的销售努力也将增加;供应商风险规避度增大,销售商的订购量将减小,供应商的销售努力也将减小;无论供应商和销售商的风险规避如何变化,销售商的销售努力不变。(3)利用回购和成本分担组成的混合契约可以实现供应链完美协调。     

生鲜供应链中保鲜努力投入及订货定价研究

结合生鲜损耗严重和过度保鲜双重背景,本文在区分保质期和实际有效供货时长的基础上,比较研究了由单一零售商与单一供应商构成的二级生鲜供应链中,两个主体合作与否及主导主体变化对供应链保鲜努力水平和定价的影响机制。研究表明,集中式供应链中,保鲜努力投入随新鲜度(价格)敏感性增强(减弱)而增加,而随有效供货时长增加呈倒U型;供应链的总利润也随新鲜度(价格)敏感性增强(减弱)或有效供货时长上升而增加。分散式供应链中,随新鲜度的敏感性增强,保鲜努力和总利润增加;随价格的敏感性增强,保鲜努力增加而总利润减小;而随有效供货时长上升,保鲜努力先增大后减小,总利润增加。分散式供应链存有搭便车的机会,但因有效供货时长占保质期比例不同,自身投入保鲜努力可能比搭便车更有利。     

产需不确定下面向资金约束供应商的供应链融资策略研究

以包含一个供应商和一个分销商的供应链为研究对象,其中分销商面临市场需求不确定性,供应商存在资金约束且面临产出不确定性。 提出期望利率的概念,研究银行贷款期望利率一定的情况下,供应链银行融资最优策略。 构建了供应链预付款融资机制,在此基础上研究预付款模式下供应链的融资与生产订购的最优策略,并讨论了预付款期望利率的可行范围。 研究表明,预付款融资模式下,分销商愿意以低于银行贷款利率的期望利率向供应商提供预付款; 存在预付款期望利率可行区间,实现预付款协调模式下供应链系统的帕累托改进。     

运用系统动力学模型预测稀土战略储备规模

基于全球稀土资源的供需形势和中国稀土资源减少的趋势,运用系统动力学的模型来预测未来17年我国稀土资源储备量。选取了2000~2013的生产和消费数据,通过定量模拟计算中国稀土供需差波动系数,设计了稀土资源供需差波动范围分别为0%,20%的两个方案,模拟计算了两个方案的年储备量、累计储备量和储备量绝对值。方案一范围是(-0%,+0%),仿真预测出稀土未来17年累积储备量为720551 t,即战略储备规模达到720551 t,该方案下不论供需差发生如何波动,国家都会进行储备或释放调节;方案二范围是(-20%,+20%),预测出未来17年战略储备规模为461331 t,国家只需在这个范围外进行收储释放调节,从而调节市场供求,降低价格波动幅度。本文从不同供需差的波动系数来模拟计算储备量,目的是为国家相关部门在进行稀土储备决策时提供参考,可以根据我国经济景气状况和供需形势,以及稀土产业发展状况,进行不同规模的稀土储备。     

空心阴极灯激发的微波等离子体炬原子/离子荧光光谱研究--钙的原子/离子荧光光谱

用强短脉冲供电技术的空心阴极灯作激发源、微波等离子体炬作原子／离子化器，建立了原子／离子荧光光谱实验装置。详细研究了微波等离子体功率、观察高度、空心阴极灯电流等因素对原子／离子荧光信号强度的影响，测量了系统对Ca的原子／离子荧光光谱的检出限。     

分散化供应链的自组织演化机制建模与仿真

供应链是一个复杂适应系统.提出了分散化供应链演化的自组织机制.在开放结构下,多企业主体为了适应外部环境,在非线性互动中涌现出供应链协作结构和协调模式.借鉴生物系统环境适应能力思想,建立了分散化供应链自组织演化模型,并采用Multi-agent技术进行仿真,证明了分散化供应链的自组织演化机制.外部环境和企业内部机制因素控制着分散化供应链的演化,其演化对初始条件高度敏感,存在着锁定、路径依赖和混沌等自组织系统特性.     

A Web-based ERP system for business services and supply chain management: Application to real-world process scheduling

A Web-based ERP system developed for attacking business problems and managing real-world business processes ranging from simple office automation procedures to complicated supply chain planning is presented. The system’s Web-aspect provides significant advantages, as the system is distributed through interoperable, cross-platform and highly pluggable Web-service components. The system involves a powerful workflow engine that manages the entire process event flow within the enterprise increasing efficiency and control at the same time. Business processes, when needed, are controlled by the enterprise quality management system and consequently the ISO directives are accurately followed. A real-world process scheduling system developed for the specific needs of Greek Construction Manufacturing Enterprises is illustrated as a detailed paradigm of the system’s capabilities. The problem was formulated to assign project tasks in form of lots to enterprise resources in order that resources idle time and delays in project preparation time were minimized. The problem was solved by a simple and effective heuristic algorithm.     

Coordinated control of distribution supply chains in the presence of fuzzy customer demand

This paper considers a single product inventory control in a Distribution Supply Chain (DSC). The DSC operates in the presence of uncertainty in customer demands. The demands are described by imprecise linguistic expressions that are modelled by discrete fuzzy sets. Inventories at each facility within the DSC are replenished by applying periodic review policies with optimal order up-to-quantities. Fuzzy customer demands imply fuzziness in inventory positions at the end of review intervals and in incurred relevant costs per unit time interval. The determination of the minimum of defuzzified total cost of the DSC is a complex problem which is solved by applying decomposition; the original problem is decomposed into a number of simpler independent optimisation subproblems, where each retailer and the warehouse determine their optimum periodic reviews and order up-to-quantities. An iterative coordination mechanism is proposed for changing the review periods and order up-to-quantities for each retailer and the warehouse in such a way that all parties within the DSC are satisfied with respect to total incurred costs per unit time interval. Coordination is performed by introducing fuzzy constraints on review periods and fuzzy tolerances on retailers and warehouse costs in local optimisation subproblems.     

强流中性源的供电系统

本文简要介绍了7×35cm~2多灯丝大面积源的供电保护系统,给出了该系统的基本设计思想,电源简化原理图及主要电路特点和已达到的技术指标。