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161.
任颜波 《数学年刊A辑(中文版)》2015,36(2):119-128
对3类由凹函数生成的弱Orlicz鞅空间建立了相应的弱原子分解.作为应用,首先给出了这些弱Orlicz鞅空间上次线性算子有界的一个充分条件,并在此基础上证明了一些弱型鞅不等式,然后证明了关于这些弱Orlicz鞅空间的Marcinkiewicz型插值定理. 相似文献
162.
A novel automatic on-line liquid phase micro-extraction method based on drop-in-plug sequential injection lab-at-valve (LAV) platform was proposed for metal preconcentration and determination. A flow-through micro-extraction chamber mounted at the selection valve was adopted without the need of sophisticated lab-on-valve components. Coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), the potential of this lab-at-valve scheme is demonstrated for trace lead determination in environmental and biological water samples. A hydrophobic complex of lead with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was formed on-line and subsequently extracted into an 80 μL plug of chloroform. The extraction procedure was performed by forming micro-droplets of aqueous phase into the plug of the extractant. All critical parameters that affect the efficiency of the system were studied and optimized. The proposed method offered good performance characteristics and high preconcentration ratios. For 10 mL sample consumption an enhancement factor of 125 was obtained. The detection limit was 1.8 μg L−1 and the precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) at 50.0 μg L−1 of lead was 2.9%. The proposed method was evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials and applied for lead determination in natural waters and urine samples. 相似文献
163.
Analyte–wall interaction is a significant problem in capillary electrophoresis (CE) as it may compromise separation efficiencies and migration time repeatability. In CE, self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayer films of Polybrene (PB) and dextran sulfate (DS) or poly(vinylsulfonic acid) (PVS) have been used to coat the capillary inner wall and thereby prevent analyte adsorption. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the layer thickness and surface morphology of monolayer (PB), bilayer, (PB-DS and PB-PVS), and trilayer (PB-DS-PB and PB-PVS-PB) coatings on glass surfaces. AFM nanoshaving experiments providing height distributions demonstrated that the coating procedures led to average layer thicknesses between 1 nm (PB) and 5 nm (PB-DS-PB), suggesting the individual polyelectrolytes adhere flat on the silica surface. Investigation of the surface morphology of the different coatings by AFM revealed that the PB coating does not completely cover the silica surface, whereas full coverage was observed for the trilayer coatings. The DS-containing coatings appeared on average 1 nm thicker than the corresponding PVS-containing coatings, which could be attributed to the molecular structure of the anionic polymers applied. Upon exposure to the basic protein cytochrome c, AFM measurements showed an increase of the layer thickness for bare (3.1 nm) and PB-DS-coated (4.6 nm) silica, indicating substantial protein adsorption. In contrast, a very small or no increase of the layer thickness was observed for the PB and PB-DS-PB coatings, demonstrating their effectiveness against protein adsorption. The AFM results are consistent with earlier obtained CE data obtained for proteins using the same polyelectrolyte coatings. 相似文献
164.
《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3-4):517-525
Abstract Sorption of ions may lead to variations in interparticle forces and, thus, changes in the stability of colloidal particles. Chemical interactions between metal ions and colloidal particles modify the molecular structure of the surface, the surface charge, and the electrical potential between colloidal particles. These modifications to the surface and to the electrical double layer due to metal ion sorption are reflected in the interaction force between a particle and another surface, which is measured in this study by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, AFM is used to investigate the sorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions by silica particles. The influence of metal ion concentration and solution ionic strength on surface forces is studied under transient conditions. Results show that as the metal ion concentration is decreased, charge reversal occurs and a longer period of time is required for the system to reach equilibrium. The ionic strength has no significant effect on sorption kinetics. Furthermore, neither metal concentration nor ionic strength exhibits any effect on sorption equilibria, indicating that for the experimental conditions used in this study, the surface sites of the silica particle are fully occupied by copper ions. 相似文献
165.
Sandeep Kumar Singh Balkishen Razdan 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(4):538-545
This article looks at atomic force microscopy as an important aid to characterize the self-nanoemulsifying formulation of glibenclamide, lovastatin, and carvedilol in conjunction with other sophisticated technique, viz., transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Sizes obtained by processing the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image are comparable with those obtained from transmission electron microscope. Although in the present study, the mean particle size obtained from photon correlation spectroscopy does not correlate to the findings of atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, but the poly-disperse index values correlate well with the findings of AFM and transmission electron microscopy where uniform particle size was observed in aqueous dispersion of self-nanoemulsifying formulation of glibenclamide, lovastatin, and carvedilol. 相似文献
166.
Željko Kwokal 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(12):905-914
The concentrations of reactive and total mercury (in the UV-irradiated samples) were measured in unfiltered and acidified samples by atomic absorption. The samples were collected in the vertical profile on one selected station in the Krka river estuary (Croatia) during 1997–2000. The estuary is permanently stratified and characterized by the subsurface temperature maxima. The maximum concentrations of reactive and total mercury range from 0.9 to 3.3?ng?L?1, and from 1.3 to 6.0?ng?L?1, respectively. The vertical transport of mercury across the picnocline is enhanced under the influence of a north wind. 相似文献
167.
原子催化剂是零价金属原子锚定于载体上的一种新型催化剂, 具有原子利用率高、 选择性高以及反应活性和稳定性高等优点, 一直是催化领域的研究前沿, 在催化和能量转换领域具有广阔的发展前景. 石墨炔与金属原子之间独特的不完全电荷转移性质实现了零价过渡金属原子的稳定锚定, 解决了传统单原子催化剂易迁移和聚集的问题, 被认为是新一代催化剂. 本综述从石墨炔原子催化剂的结构性质、 表征以及应用等方面出发, 综合评述了相关领域的最新研究成果, 介绍了石墨炔原子催化剂在电催化固氮制氨、 产氢、 全水解和CO2固定等方面的应用和发展前景, 为实现新概念高性能催化材料的设计合成提供了研究思路. 相似文献
168.
Superatoms are atomic clusters with tailored size and composition that mimic the chemistry of atoms in the periodic table. However, unlike the atoms whose chemistry is governed by their valence electron orbitals, the chemistry of superatoms is governed by their highest occupied molecular orbitals. In addition, due to their large size and non-spherical geometry, superatoms can promote unusual reactions and serve as the building blocks of cluster assembled materials with properties very different from conventional materials. This perspective highlights the unique role of superatoms in chemical and material sciences by focusing on superhalogens, which not only possess electron affinities larger than those of halogens but also can be stable when multiply charged. We discuss how these unique features of superhalogens enable noble gas atoms like argon to form chemical bonds at room temperature and zinc to exhibit an oxidation state of +3. The advantages of using superhalogens in the synthesis of water-resistant materials for solar cells, halogen-free electrolytes for solid-state batteries, and multiferroic materials are also discussed. 相似文献
169.
170.
LI Siying PAN Yangang TENG Honggang SHAN Yuping YANG Guocheng WANG Hongda 《高等学校化学研究》2022,38(3):838-842
The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 μm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection. 相似文献