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111.
The analytical performance of a microwave plasma torch was improved through mechanical alterations. Several problems reported in earlier designs were addressed: the ignition and stabilization of a helium plasma in the MPT was difficult; high powers were required to both ignite and operate the plasma; otherwise, the plasma would erratically change from an annular to a filament type discharge. In the new torch, the helium discharge was stabilized by replacing the copper central tube with one made of quartz. In addition, air entrainment was alleviated through use of a sheathing gas. This modification simplified the background mass spectrum and raised the effective ionization temperature of the discharge. A detailed schematic diagram of the new microwave plasma torch is presented. 相似文献
112.
An analytical procedure for dissolving wolframite in order to determine trace elements by atomic absorption is reported. After decomposition of the mineral by alkaline fusion, the cooled flux is dissolved by heating with aqua regia. The finely crystalline precipitate of tungstite, which forms on standing, is filtered and dissolved by heating with aqua regia. Tungstite forms again in the latter solution and the filtration and solubilization are repeated until the solution contains negligible amounts of trace elements. Following this procedure, trace elements in 35 samples of natural wolframite have been dissolved and the solutions obtained have been analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni and Cd. 相似文献
113.
Gold nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte multilayers film can be easily prepared by repeating immersion of a substrate in poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA)-AuCl4− complexes solution followed by reduction Au3+ through heating. UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to confirm the successful construction of the polyelectrolyte multilayers film and the formation of gold nanoparticles. The multilayers film shows electrocatalytic activity to dioxygen reduction. 相似文献
114.
115.
The microwave acid digestion method was applied to the decomposition of rock samples and optimum conditions were investigated. Samples of 10–100 mg were decomposed by changing the amount and composition of acid, heating time and number of reheating steps and then the concentrations of Si, Fe, Mn, Na, K and Mg in these samples were measured. The concentrations agreed with reported values when 10 mg of sample were decomposed by heating for 60 s with 0.3 ml of concentrated HNO3 and 0.1 ml of concentrated HF. Similarly, 100 mg of sample were also decomposed successfully by heating for 45–110 s with 0.3–1.0 ml of concentrated HNO3 and 0.4–0.7 ml of concentrated HF. It is concluded that the microwave acid digestion method decomposes rock samples with a very short heating time and with small amount of reagents compared with methods using conventional sealed PTFE vessels, which require several hours for the heating step and several millilitres of reagents. 相似文献
116.
Feng Zhao Yu-Kou Du Ping Yang Ji’an Tang Xing-Chang Li 《Colloid and polymer science》2005,283(12):1361-1365
In the present study, the structure and morphology of single sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) molecules adsorbed to mica
surface from the natural aqueous solution is investigated using atomic force microscopy technique. Results show that single
PSS molecules are observed which show a morphology of wormlike coils. Meanwhile, single sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/Hexadecyltrimethylammonium
bromide (CTAB) complexes deposited on mica from the air–water interface are also observed. However, the PSS/CTA+ complexes show different conformations by appearing in the morphology of circular patches. Experimental data are in fair
agreement with the theoretical analysis. 相似文献
117.
断续流动-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定浓缩苹果汁中的砷 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用断续流动-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定了浓缩萍果汁中的砷含量。确定了仪器的最佳条件,探讨了酸介质,硫脲-抗坏血酸用量,硼氢化钾加入量对测定As的影响。在选定的操作条件下,砷的检限为0.43ng/mL,相对标准偏差为3.4%-6.3%,加标回收率为94.0%-101.5%本方法简便,快速,灵敏,准确,应用于浓缩苹果汁中As的测定,得到满意的结果。 相似文献
118.
Ji-Lai Li Cai-Yun Geng Xu-Ri Huang Chia-Chung Sun 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2007,117(3):417-429
The reaction of atomic radical F with propyne has been studied theoretically using ab initio quantum chemistry methods and
transition state theory. The potential energy surface was calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ (single-point) level using
the UMP2/6-311++G(d,p) optimized structures. Two reaction mechanisms including the addition–isomerization–elimination reaction
mechanism and the directed hydrogen abstraction reaction mechanism are considered. For the hydrogen abstraction reactions,
i.e., the most probable evolution pathway in the title reaction, the HF formation occurs via direct abstraction mechanism
dominantly and the H atom picked up by the atomic radical F should come mostly from the methyl group of normal propyne. On
the other hand, for the addition–isomerization–elimination mechanism, the most feasible pathway should be the atomic radical
F attacking on the C≡C triple bond in propyne (CH3C≡CH) to form a weakly-bound adduct A1 with no barrier, followed by F addition to the C≡C triple bond to form the low-lying
intermediate isomer 5. Subsequently, isomer 5 directly dissociates to P3 H2CCCHF + H via transition state TS5/P3. The other reaction pathways on the doublet PES are less competitive due to thermodynamical or kinetic factors. Furthermore,
based on the analysis of the kinetics of all channels through which the addition and abstraction reaction proceed, we expect
that the competitive power of reaction channels may vary with experimental conditions for the title reaction. The present
work will provide useful information for understanding the processes of atomic radical F reaction with other unsaturated hydrocarbons.
This material is available from author via E-mail. 相似文献
119.
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography coupled online with chemical vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HIC-CVGAFS) has been optimized for the analysis of thiolic proteins in denaturing conditions. Proteins are pre-column simultaneously denatured and derivatized in phosphate buffer solution containing 8.0 mol dm−3 urea and p-hydroxymercurybenzoate (PHMB) and the derivatized denatured proteins are separated on a silica HIC Eichrom Propyl column in the presence of 8.0 M urea in the mobile phase. Post-column online reaction of derivatized denatured proteins with bromine, generated in situ by KBr/KBrO3 in HCl medium, allowed the fast conversion of the uncomplexed PHMB and of the PHMB bound to proteins to inorganic mercury also in presence of urea. Hg2+, present in solution as Hg2+-urea complex, is selectively detected by AFS in a Ar/H2 miniaturized flame after sodium borohydride reduction to Hg. Under optimized conditions, online bromine treatment gives a 100±2% recovery of both free and protein-complexed PHMB. Denatured glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, trioso phosphate isomerase and β-lactoglobulin have been examined. As the sensitivity and limit of detection of proteins in the HIC-CVGAFS apparatus depends on number of SH groups reacting with PHMB, the denaturation process, which increases the number of PHMB-reactive thiolic groups in proteins, improves the analytical performances of the described system in protein analysis. The detection limit for the denatured proteins examined was found in the range of 10−10-10−12 mol dm−3, depending on the considered protein, with linear calibration curves spanning over four decades of concentration. 相似文献
120.
Speciation of inorganic arsenic by electrochemical hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
A simple procedure was developed for the speciation of inorganic arsenic by electrochemical hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (EcHG–AAS), without pre-reduction of As(V). Glassy carbon was selected as cathode material in the flow cell. An optimum catholyte concentration for simultaneous generation of arsine from As(III) and As(V) was 0.06 mol l−1 H2SO4. Under the optimized conditions, adequate sensitivity and difference in ratio of slopes of the calibration curves for As(III) and As(V) can be achieved at the electrolytic currents of 0.6 and 1 A. The speciation of inorganic arsenic can be performed by controlling the electrolytic currents, and the concentration of As(III) and As(V) in the sample can be calculated according to the equations of absorbance additivity obtained at two selected electrolytic currents. The calibration curves were linear up to 50 ng ml−1 for both As(III) and As(V) at 0.6 and 1 A. The detection limits of the method were 0.2 and 0.5 ng ml−1 for As(III) and As(V) at 0.6 A, respectively. The relative standard deviations were of 2.1% for 20 ng ml−1 As(III) and 2.5% for 20 ng ml−1 As(V). The method was validated by the analysis of human hair certified reference material and successfully applied to speciation of soluble inorganic arsenic in Chinese medicine. 相似文献