Growth Behavior of CdS Nanoparticles Embedded in Polymer and Sol-Gel Silica Matrices: Relationship with Surface-State Related Luminescence

Chemical techniques were employed to synthesize CdS nanoparticles embedded in polymer (PEG 300) and sol-gel silica matrices. Systematic growth of particles (radius 3–9 nm) was obtained by adjusting post-deposition annealing temperature and time to examine the dependence of surface-state–related luminescence on particle size. Photoluminescence (PL) peak energy showed a linear dependence with a gentle slope in the weak confinement region and a steep slope in the strong confinement region, the divergence being observed near the excitonic Bohr radius for CdS. The empirical relation proposed for the weak confinement region could be used for estimating chemically prepared CdS nanoparticle size with a high degree of reliability from PL peak energy.     

自组生长的硅纳米管的稳定性研究

文章作者的研究小组在世界上首次合成自组生长的硅纳米管（SiNTs）后,对它的稳定性研究又获得进展.采用5wt%的HF酸对自组生长的硅纳米管的稳定性进行了研究,研究表明HF酸可以去除硅纳米管的氧化物外层,只剩下晶体硅纳米管,说明所得到的硅纳米管是一种稳定结构,因而使其应用研究开发成为可能.研究表明,硅纳米管的稳定性与其生长形成过程密切相关。     

面心立方晶体外延膜沉积生长中失配位错的结构与形成过程

用分子动力学方法对5%负失配条件下面心立方晶体铝薄膜的原子沉积外延生长进行了三维模拟.铝原子间的相互作用采用嵌入原子法(EAM)多体势计算.模拟结果再现了失配位错的形成现象.分析表明，失配位错在形成之初即呈现为Shockley扩展位错，即由两个伯格斯矢量为〈211〉/6的部分位错和其间的堆垛层错组成，两个部分位错的间距、即层错宽度为1.8 nm,与理论计算结果一致；外延晶体薄膜沉积生长中，位错对会发生滑移，但其间距保持稳定.进一步观察发现，该扩展位错产生于一种类似于“局部熔融-重结晶”的表层局部无序紊乱- 关键词： 失配位错 外延生长 薄膜 分子动力学 铝     

The steady state growth rate of a recrystallization front in regions of heterogeneous dislocation density

The paper investigates whether a change from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous dislocation distribution, assumed to be caused by a slight additional deformation, can lead to an increase of the recrystallization temperature of a deformed metal. In this case, the higher temperature would indicate a more stable deformation structure despite the increase of stored energy. The recrystallization temperature is related to the growth rate. Hence, the steady state velocity of a recrystallization front moving either parallel or vertically to the stripes of a simplified two-dimensional heterogeneous dislocation distribution of parallel sections of higher and lower dislocation densities is calculated. The results show that if a front growths through the high and low density sections in series an overall slower rate despite higher mean dislocation density is, indeed, possible. However, growing in the parallel arrangement always leads to a higher growth rate compared with the homogeneous case of slightly less stored energy. Since in a real structure the faster growth is likely to succeed, the recrystallization temperature observed will be lowered with additional deformation in accordance with experimental experience.     

An efficient lasing action from pyrromethene 556 dye-doped organically modified silicates

Organically modified solid-state silicates (ORMOSILS) doped with a new laser dye 1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-2,6-disulfonate-BF₂ complex (pyrromethene 556) have been synthesized by a sol-gel method and the compositional effects on pore characteristics, fluorescence and lasing properties have been investigated. It is found that the use of dimethylsulfoxide and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane could greatly change the structure properties of sol-gel derived ORMOSILS cage, and thus the fluorescence and lasing properties of the materials could improve significantly. A successful laser oscillation from this dye-doped ORMOSILS sample has been achieved upon pumping with a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. A slope efficiency of 54% with a useful lifetime greater than 10,000 shots has been demonstrated at a pump repetition rate of 1 Hz and a pump intensity of 1 J/cm² by using the new ORMOSILS cage on our newly designed laser system. Our results have shown that it is possible to obtain a high-efficiency with a long-lifetime for a compact new laser device by low cost dye-doped solid-state ORMOSILS.     

Optical spectroscopy of Yb/Er codoped NaY(WO4)2 crystal

Erbium and ytterbium codoped double tungstates NaY(WO₄)₂ crystals were prepared by using Czochralski (CZ) pulling method. The absorption spectra in the region 290-2000 nm have been recorded at room temperature. The Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to the measured values of absorption line strengths to evaluate the spontaneous emission probabilities and stimulated emission cross sections of Er³⁺ ions in NaY(WO₄)₂ crystals. Intensive green and red lights were measured when the sample were pumped by a 974 nm laser diode (LD), especially, the intensities of green upconversion luminescence are very strong. The mechanism of energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ ions was analyzed. Energy transfer and nonradiative relaxation played an important role in the upconversion process. Photoexcited luminescence experiments are also fulfilled to help analyzing the transit processes of the energy levels.     

Transient Dynamics in the Random Growth and Reset Model

A mean-field type model with random growth and reset terms is considered. The stationary distributions resulting from the corresponding master equation are relatively easy to obtain; however, for practical applications one also needs to know the convergence to stationarity. The present work contributes to this direction, studying the transient dynamics in the discrete version of the model by two different approaches. The first method is based on mathematical induction by the recursive integration of the coupled differential equations for the discrete states. The second method transforms the coupled ordinary differential equation system into a partial differential equation for the generating function. We derive analytical results for some important, practically interesting cases and discuss the obtained results for the transient dynamics.     

Synthesis of flower-like WS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Flower-like tungsten disulfide (WS₂) with a diameter of 5-10 μm is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy are used to characterize its morphological and optical properties, and its growth mechanism is discussed. The key factors for the formation of flower-like WS₂ are determined. Firstly, the cooling process causes the generation of nucleation dislocations, and then the "leaf" growth of flower-like WS₂ is achieved by increasing the temperature.     

高生长速度条件下的“层片↔棒状”共晶转变机理研究

低速生长条件下, 共晶“层片↔棒状”转变只由两相的体积分数控制. 高速情况下, 这种转变有时亦发生, 其转变机理不清楚. 本文应用竞争生长准则, 结合高速生长条件下层片共晶和棒状共晶生长模型研究了生长速度引起的“层片↔棒状”转变机理. 结果显示: 体积分数在临界值附近很小的范围内, 生长速度和溶质配分系数的增大可引起“棒状→ 层片”共晶转变; 而当体积分数远离临界值时, 转变不发生. 生长速度名义上引起“层片↔棒状”共晶转变实际上是由生长速度变化引起的体积分数的变化导致的. 关键词： “层片↔棒状”共晶转变 竞争生长 生长速度 体积分数     

A modular attachment mechanism for software network evolution

A modular attachment mechanism of software network evolution is presented in this paper. Compared with the previous models, our treatment of object-oriented software system as a network of modularity is inherently more realistic. To acquire incoming and outgoing links in directed networks when new nodes attach to the existing network, a new definition of asymmetric probabilities is given. Based on this, modular attachment instead of single node attachment in the previous models is then adopted. The proposed mechanism is demonstrated to be able to generate networks with features of power-law, small-world, and modularity, which represents more realistic properties of actual software networks. This work therefore contributes to a more accurate understanding of the evolutionary mechanism of software systems. What is more, explorations of the effects of various software development principles on the structure of software systems have been carried out, which are expected to be beneficial to the software engineering practices.