Uphill anomalous transport in a deterministic system with speed-dependent friction coefficient

We investigate the transport of a deterministic Brownian particle theoretically, which moves in simple onedimensional, symmetric periodic potentials under the influence of both a time periodic and a static biasing force. The physical system employed contains a friction coefficient that is speed-dependent. Within the tailored parameter regime, the absolute negative mobility, in which a particle can travel in the direction opposite to a constant applied force, is observed.This behavior is robust and can be maximized at two regimes upon variation of the characteristic factor of friction coefficient. Further analysis reveals that this uphill motion is subdiffusion in terms of localization(diffusion coefficient with the form D(t) ~t~(-1) at long times). We also have observed the non-trivially anomalous subdiffusion which is significantly deviated from the localization; whereas most of the downhill motion evolves chaotically, with the normal diffusion.     

Separation of Nitrogen Isotopes by Thermal Diffusion

The prototype of a thermal diffusion column for the use as basic unit in a N¹⁴N¹⁵ cascade is described. The hot wire separation column consists of a brass tube of effective length of 250 cm and inner diameter of 10 mm. Four columns are connected in series on a square cascade, the separation factors of which are compared with the values obtained by other investigators.     

Diffusion of aluminum in MgO： A thermodynamic approach study

We have applied a thermodynamical model to calculate the diffusion coefficient of aluminum in MgO with the aid of bulk elastic properties. Our calculated diffusivities as a function of temperature and pressure are compared with the existing results derived from experimental or theoretical investigations. We find that the present model provides a satisfactory estimation for the activation volume and the activation enthalpy.     

A jump diffusion model for spot electricity prices and market price of risk

We construct a jump-diffusion model with seasonality, mean-reversion, time-dependent jump intensity and heteroskedastic disturbance for electricity spot prices, while keeping the analytical tractability of futures prices. We find that the jump component plays a considerably larger role than the diffusion component in the variance of spot prices. Moreover, the jump intensity is much higher during summer and winter. We also explore the seasonal market price of risk (MPR) with different maturities, from one month to five months. Our results show that the diffusion risk and the jump risk are priced quite differently.     

White matter maturation in the brains of Long Evans shaker myelin mutant rats by ex-vivo QSI and DTI

The brains of Long Evans shaker (les) rats, a model of dysmyelination, and their age- matched controls were studied by ex-vivo q-space diffusion imaging (QSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The QSI and DTI indices were computed from the same acquisition. The les and the control brains were studied at different stages of maturation and disease progression. The mean displacement, the probability for zero displacement and kurtosis were computed from QSI data while the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the eigenvalues were computed from DTI. It was found that all QSI indices detect the les pathology, at all stages of maturation, while only some of the DTI indices could detect the les pathology. The QSI mean displacement was larger in the les group as compared with their age-matched controls while the probability for zero displacement and the kurtosis were both lower all indicating higher degree of restriction in the control brains. Since all the DTI eigenvalues were higher in the les brains as compared to controls, the less efficient DTI measure for discerning the les pathology was found to be the FA. Clearly, the most sensitive DTI parameter to the les pathology is λ₃, i.e. the minimal diffusivity. Since the QSI and DTI data were obtained from the same acquisition, despite the somewhat higher SNR of the QSI data compared to the DTI data, it seems that the higher diagnostic capacity of the QSI data in this experimental model of dysmyelination, originates mainly from the higher diffusing weighting of the QSI data.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and MR diffusion imaging to distinguish between glandular and stromal prostatic tissues

Purpose

To compare peak enhancement (PE), determined from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the magnetic resonance (MR) directionally-averaged apparent diffusion coefficient () in glandular versus stromal prostatic tissues and, with this comparison, to infer if the hypothesis that gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) does not enter healthy glands or ducts is plausible.

Materials and Methods

MRI, MR spectroscopic imaging, DCE MRI and MR diffusion were evaluated in 17 untreated subjects with suspected or proven prostate cancer. PE and were compared in glandular-ductal tissues [normal peripheral zone and glandular benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)] and stromal-low ductal tissues (central gland/mixed BPH and stromal BPH).

Results

The glandular-ductal tissues had lower PE [125±6.4 (% baseline)] and higher [1.57±0.15 (s/10⁻³ mm²)] than the stromal-low ductal tissues [PE=132±5.5 (% baseline) (P<.0008), =1.18±0.20 (s/10⁻³ mm²) (P<1×10⁻⁸)]. A statistical model based upon stepwise regression was generated and completely separated the tissue types: ductal Measure = 448+669× (s/10⁻³ mm²)−10.7×PE (1/%), R²=1.0 and P<8×10⁻¹⁰.

Conclusions

The very different MR results in the glandular-ductal versus stromal-low ductal tissues suggest that these tissues have different underlying structure. These results support the hypothesis that Gd-DTPA does not enter healthy prostatic glands or ducts. This may explain the higher PE and lower that previously have been reported in prostate cancer versus healthy tissue.     

Comparison of shear banding in BMGs due to thermal-softening and free volume creation

This paper reports a comparative study of shear banding in BMGs resulting from thermal softening and free volume creation. Firstly, the effects of thermal softening and free volume creation on shear instability are discussed. It is known that thermal softening governs thermal shear banding, hence it is essentially energy related. However, compound free volume creation is the key factor to the other instability, though void-induced softening seems to be the counterpart of thermal softening. So, the driving force for shear instability owing to free volume creation is very different from the thermally assisted one. In particular, long wave perturbations are always unstable owing to compound free volume creation. Therefore, the shear instability resulting from coupled compound free volume creation and thermal softening may start more like that due to free volume creation. Also, the compound free volume creation implies a specific and intrinsic characteristic growth time of shear instability. Finally, the mature shear band width is governed by the corresponding diffusions (thermal or void diffusion) within the band. As a rough guide, the dimensionless numbers: Thermal softening related number B, Deborah number (denoting the relation of instability growth rate owing to compound free volume and loading time) and Lewis number (denoting the competition of different diffusions) show us their relative importance of thermal softening and free volume creation in shear banding. All these results are of particular significance in understanding the mechanism of shear banding in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences under the project “Multi-Scale Complex System” (Grant No. KJCX-SW-L08), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10725211 and 10721202), and the Doctorial Start-up Fund of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Grant No. E50840)     

On the Effects of UV Radiation on the Release Ability of Glucose Embedded in Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Films

New drug delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and different percents of glucose were prepared and characterized to check their suitability as UV resistant patches. The spectral absorption properties of the HPC and HPC-glucose blends before and after UV irradiation were analyzed. The surface polarity and hydrophilicity were correlated with the morphology of the films and analyzed with respect to the UV exposure time and the embedded amount of glucose. The effects of UV radiation on in vitro evaluation of glucose release from the HPC films are reported. The mechanism involved in the drug release process, evaluated using the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, was dependent on the introduced amount of glucose and less on the UV exposure time. A more polar, smoother, and less dense surface releases the glucose over larger periods of time, making the system with lower percents of glucose more adequate for the pursued purpose.     

带非线性源项的Riesz回火分数阶扩散方程的预估校正方法

本文针对带非线性源项的Riesz回火分数阶扩散方程,利用预估校正方法离散时间偏导数,并用修正的二阶Lubich回火差分算子逼近Riesz空间回火的分数阶偏导数,构造出一类新的数值格式.给出了数值格式在一定条件下的稳定性与收敛性分析,且该格式的时间与空间收敛阶均为二阶.数值试验表明数值方法是有效的.