辣椒为什么辣?

辣椒素是辣椒的主要代谢产物,与人们的饮食息息相关。适量地摄入辣椒素不仅能给人带来辣觉,而且对于减缓疲劳、降糖降脂、保护肠胃、缓解疼痛、抵抗辐射、治疗癌症等方面有一定的作用。虽然适量的辣椒素能够给人体带来好处,但过度摄入辣椒素仍存在危害性。本文对辣椒素的作用方式和各项应用进行阐释,并强调在合理用量范围内利用辣椒素以发挥作用。     

硫的自述

硫,无论是元素还是化合物,都在人类的生活与生产中起着至关重要的作用。本文将硫元素拟人化,介绍了其发展史,在地球上的分布、性质以及在生活中的应用,让读者在趣味阅读中了解硫及其化合物。     

Nano-formulations for transdermal drug delivery: A review

The different applications of nano-formulations (vesicles or nanoparticles and nanoemulsions) have been widely studied. Here, the classification, characteristics, transdermal mechanism, and application of the most popular nano-formulations in transdermal drug delivery system are reviewed.     

Optimal operational service levels in vendor managed inventory contracts - an exact approach

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) contracts are anchored on a fill rate at which the vendor is expected to meet the end-customer demand. Violations of this contracted fill rate due to excess and insufficient inventory are both penalized, often in a linear, but asymmetric manner. To minimize these costs, the vendor needs to maintain an operational fill rate that is different from the contracted fill rate. We model, analyze and solve an optimization problem that determines this operational fill rate and the associated optimal inventory decision. We establish that, for some special, yet popular, models of demand (e.g. truncated normal, gamma, Weibull and uniform distributions), the optimal solution can be derived in closed form and computed precisely. For other demand distributions, either the optimization problem becomes ill-defined or we may need to use approximate solution methods. An extensive computational study reveals that, for realistic values of problem parameters, the operational fill rate is often larger (by as much as 20%) than the contracted service level, possibly explaining the inventory glut commonly observed in real-world VMI systems.     

我国汽车排气催化净化器的应用现状及发展趋势

本文评述了目前国内推广应用的各种汽车排气催化净化器的应用情况及其与发达国家的差距，并对国内汽车排气催化净化器的发展趋势及应用前景进行了描述。     

SINDO1 II. Application to ground states of molecules containing carbon,nitrogen and oxygen atoms

Molecular geometries, binding energies, ionization potentials and dipole moments are calculated by the SINDO1 method for a large number of molecules containing C, N and O atoms. Comparison is made with MINDO/3, MNDO and where possible with STO-3G results. The explicit data and an error statistics show the relative merits of SINDO1.     

Direct optical sensors: principles and selected applications

In the field of bio and chemosensors a large number of detection principles has been published within the last decade. These detection principles are based either on the observation of fluorescence-labelled systems or on direct optical detection in the heterogeneous phase. Direct optical detection can be measured by remission (absorption of reflected radiation, opt(r)odes), by measuring micro-refractivity, or measuring interference. In the last case either Mach–Zehnder interferometers or measurement of changes in the physical thickness of the layer (measuring micro-reflectivity) caused, e.g., by swelling effects in polymers (due to interaction with analytes) or in bioassays (due to affinity reactions) also play an important role. Here, an overview of methods of microrefractometric and microreflectometric principles is given and benefits and drawbacks of the various approaches are demonstrated using samples from the chemo and biosensor field. The quality of sensors does not just depend on transduction principles but on the total sensor system defined by this transduction, the sensitive layer, data acquisition electronics, and evaluation software. The intention of this article is, therefore, to demonstrate the essentials of the interaction of these parts within the system, and the focus is on optical sensing using planar transducers, because fibre optical sensors have been reviewed in this journal only recently. Lack of selectivity of chemosensors can be compensated either by the use of sensor arrays or by evaluating time-resolved measurements of analyte/sensitive layer interaction. In both cases chemometrics enables the quantification of analyte mixtures. These data-processing methods have also been successfully applied to antibody/antigen interactions even using cross-reactive antibodies. Because miniaturisation and parallelisation are essential approaches in recent years, some aspects and current trends, especially for bio-applications, will be discussed. Miniaturisation is especially well covered in the literature.     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及应用研究进展

O_羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖的一种衍生物 ,具有比壳聚糖更优良的特性 ,有着更广阔的应用前景。本文对它的制备、性质、应用 ,特别是其在药物释放及基因治疗方面应用的研究进展进行了综述。     

质谱法研究鸭梨最佳施肥期肥料N的平衡及其效应

本实验利用质谱法探讨鸭梨最佳施肥期肥料N的平衡及其效应。数据分析表明,秋施肥较春施和夏施有利于植株吸收更多的肥料N;促进树体间的协调生长;能够最有效地提高土壤的供肥能力对于肥料N的损失最少。从秋施、春施、夏施三个施肥期的综合效果看,梨树施肥应以秋施为主、春施为辅。     

哒嗪—3—酮类化合物的合成进展

综述了近年来哒嗪酮环骨架合成方法的研究进展，包括：１）由二羰基化合物合成；２）采用环加成反应；３）杂环转化法，以及其它方法，还叙述了哒嗪酮核苷的合成，参考文献２２篇。