接枝壳聚糖在药学领域的应用

壳聚糖无毒、具有良好的生物相容性、可生物降解性、无免疫反应和无致癌性等优点,可安全可靠地用于药物中.可是壳聚糖仅溶解在少数稀酸中,从而限制了其广泛的应用.对壳聚糖进行接枝,可使其溶解性增加,或增加一些其它性能,扩大其应用范围.本文从接枝聚合方法和应用的角度,综述了近年来壳聚糖的接枝共聚产物在药学领域的研究进展,包括:聚丙烯酸类、丙烯酰胺类、乙烯基类、聚乙二醇类、聚丙交酯(聚乳酸)类、脂肪酸类、具特殊功能的分子和其它疏水性侧链等,并提出未来的发展方向.     

Synthesis and direct interactions of silver colloidal nanoparticles with pollutant gases

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in organic solvents. Spontaneous reduction of silver salts takes place in N,N′-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature. The formed colloids are not stable without a stabilizing agent, hence rarely used, and inexpensive organic molecules (β-cyclodextrin and cholic acid) were used as surface modifiers in DMF. The stabilization was successful; the Ag NPs remained stable for more than 3 months. Additionally, Ag NPs were prepared using Ag-2-ethylhexanoate and Na-citrate as capping agent in DMSO. The resulting NPs are stable, of 4.4 nm average size, and at the same time reactive for catalytic purposes. The interaction of Ag NPs with pollutant atmospheric gases (NO and SO₂) was studied. UV–visible spectra show the oxidation of silver and the very efficient reduction of NO at room temperature. SO₂ molecules are adsorbed on the NPs surface, causing their aggregation and precipitation.     

Use of Different Salt Solutions in Salting-Out TLC of Co(III) Complexes on Silica Gel

Saturated aqueous solutions of 28 different salts have been studied as a potential mobile phases for salting-out thin-layer chromatography, on silica gel, of a series of four mixed bis-aminocarboxylato cobalt(III) complexes. In addition, by linear regression analysis of chromatographic data obtained for fifteen mixed aminocarboxylato Co(III) complexes (four series) with solutions of ammonium chloride, three alkali metal chlorides, and four alkaline earth metal chlorides, four linear dependences previously established on different adsorbents with (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions were confirmed. The qualities of the separations achieved with the salts were compared and Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ chlorides are proposed as the most suitable.     

超疏水性表面的制备及应用进展

近年来,受荷叶、水黾腿、壁虎脚等天然超疏水生物表面特性的启发,研究者们进行了大量仿生超疏水表面材料的制备及应用研究。超疏水性表面因其特殊的微纳分层结构,具有自清洁、防覆冰、防腐蚀、减阻等优异性能。本文阐述了表面润湿、疏水的基本机理,以及超疏水表面研究的理论基础,对超疏水表面制备的最新研究进展进行了综述,并揭示了研究中存在的问题。最后,介绍了超疏水表面在涂料、织物、防腐、抗菌及防雾等领域中的应用,展望了其未来的研究方向和前景。     

高分子辐射交联技术及研究进展

介绍了辐射交联反应的机理;讨论了影响辐射交联反应的因素及有关动力学问题;报道了辐射交联对高分子材料性能的影响及应用技术进展;比较了辐射交联与过氧化物交联的技术经济差异。     

有机锡化合物催化合成应用进展

综述了近二十年来有机锡化合物在催化合成中的应用进展,阐述了有机锡化合物在催化加成,酯化,环化,偶联,聚合等方面的应用,有机锡化合物催化反应条件温和,活性高,有很高选择性,在催化合成领域有广阔的应用前景。     

石墨烯的制备、功能化及在化学中的应用

石墨烯是最近发现的一种具有二维平面结构的碳纳米材料, 它的特殊单原子层结构使其具有许多独特的物理化学性质. 有关石墨烯的基础和应用研究已成为当前的前沿和热点课题之一. 本文仅就目前石墨烯的制备方法、功能化方法以及在化学领域中的应用作一综述, 重点阐述石墨烯应用于化学修饰电极、化学电源、催化剂和药物载体以及气体传感器等方面的研究进展, 并对石墨烯在相关领域的应用前景作了展望.     

大冷量新型蓄冷材料G-M制冷机的研究进展及应用

随着大型低温真空泵、高低温超导器件、核磁共振成像仪、红外探测器、低温光电子学器件的迅速发展,以及作为传统蓄冷材料的铅(Pb)等有害物质的限制使用,对大冷量新型蓄冷材料G-M制冷机的发展提出了迫切的需要。文中主要介绍国内外大冷量G-M制冷机及新型磁性蓄冷材料的最新研究进展和应用情况,并提出了下一步的研究方向。     

New developments of advanced high-strength steels for automotive applications

Automotive industry asks for higher resistant steels to lighten parts and improve crash resistance. Keeping a good ductility while increasing tensile strength requires the development of new grades in which hardening mechanisms counteract the drop in elongation when enhancing mechanical resistance. This is mainly achieved with multiphase steels and completing dislocation hardening by twinning and martensite transformation during straining. This has led to high-strength steel families, some of them being already used in body in white (Dual Phase (DP) and TRIP steels). Others, still in development, will soon emerge on the market (Quenched and Partitioned (Q&P), medium-Mn steels or TWIP).     

面向服务的防汛GIS支撑平台设计与实现

将GIS技术和面向服务的集成技术引入到了防汛信息系统建设的实际应用中,系统定义了防汛GIS支撑平台,制定了平台实现的技术路线,阐述了平台的设计思想,论述了平台的构建过程．其中,创建了汛情Web数据服务及其空间数据服务,在此基础上,建了一个面向web数据服务的开放式的防汛平台,实现了应用功能与汛情信息数据的分离,统一了汛情发布功能的展现方式,提高了平台的复用性、可维护性和可扩展性,为三维WebGIS技术在防汛减灾中的应用及建立类似系统提供了良好的设计思路和有益参考．