Cell spreading on quartz crystal microbalance elicits positive frequency shifts indicative of viscosity changes

Cell attachment and spreading on solid surfaces was investigated with a home-made quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which measures the frequency, the transient decay time constant and the maximal oscillation amplitude. Initial interactions of the adsorbing cells with the QCM mainly induced a decrease of the frequency, coincident with mass adsorption. After about 80 min, the frequency increased continuously and after several hours exceeded the initial frequency measured before cell adsorption. Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the cells were firmly attached to the quartz surface during the frequency increase. The measurements of the maximal oscillation amplitude and the transient decay time constant revealed changes of viscoelastic properties at the QCM surface. An important fraction of these changes was likely due to alterations of cytosolic viscosity, as suggested by treatments of the attached cells with agents affecting the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Our results show that viscosity variations of cells can affect the resonance frequency of QCM in the absence of apparent cell desorption. The simultaneous measurements of the maximal oscillation amplitude, the transient decay time constant and the resonance frequency allow an analysis of cell adsorption to solid substratum in real time and complement cell biological methods.     

微聚焦X射线成像的相位效应分析

根据Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射理论,结合临床实际,考虑振幅近似和相位缓变条件,由傅里叶变换和卷积定理,导出了微聚焦X射线相衬成像(X-ray Phase-contrast Imaging,X-PCI)在像平面上焦斑尺寸范围内的能量密度分布函数.结果显示,像密度函数是吸收效应滤波函数FA(x)和相位效应滤波函数FP(x)分别与吸收项A2(x)和相位项A2(x)φ(x)作卷积运算后的和.利用mathematica软件分析讨论了该函数的分布规律,并给出了理论解释.结果表明,吸收效应对像密度的影响在焦斑范围内保持不变;相位效应对像密度的影响在焦斑范围内逐渐加强;在焦斑一定范围内,相位效应的影响远大于吸收效应.     

光激励硅微机械谐振器的振幅分析及计算

分无镀膜(或镀膜很薄)和有较厚镀膜两种情况,对硅微谐振器的光激励振幅进行了分析计算.针对有较厚镀膜的硅微谐振器,在理论分析的基础上,提出了一种新的光激振幅计算模型,理论计算与实验测试值吻合得很好.     

相干光正交频分复用传输系统中的 无导频相位纠偏方法

提出了一种适用于16-QAM的新型相位纠偏方法,克服了基于M次方算法的传统相位纠错方法不适用于高阶正交振幅调制的缺点.该方法结合正交频分复用调制方式,无需导频即可完成相位盲估计,且计算量较少.本文基于112 Gb/s 1 040 km的相干光正交频分复用传输系统进行了算法验证,并与传统的4次方纠偏方法进行了比较,实验证明该算法适用于正交频分复用和16-QAM调制平台,相位纠偏结果显著优于基于导频的4次方算法.     

Amplitude death: The emergence of stationarity in coupled nonlinear systems

When nonlinear dynamical systems are coupled, depending on the intrinsic dynamics and the manner in which the coupling is organized, a host of novel phenomena can arise. In this context, an important emergent phenomenon is the complete suppression of oscillations, formally termed amplitude death (AD). Oscillations of the entire system cease as a consequence of the interaction, leading to stationary behavior. The fixed points which the coupling stabilizes can be the otherwise unstable fixed points of the uncoupled system or can correspond to novel stationary points. Such behavior is of relevance in areas ranging from laser physics to the dynamics of biological systems. In this review we discuss the characteristics of the different coupling strategies and scenarios that lead to AD in a variety of different situations, and draw attention to several open issues and challenging problems for further study.     

Aberrations in fractional-Talbot images of periodic binary gratings

We discuss the ray-optical aberrations which appear in the fractional-Talbot image of a periodic binary grating with coherent illumination. First we examine the complex amplitude of an aberration-free imaging field at a fractional-Talbot plane. We then trace the path of a diffracted ray of specific order which contributes to the fractional-Talbot imaging. Next we formulate the focus-shift and third-order aberrations which arise from a focusing error and a fourth-order approximation of the path length, respectively. We then evaluate the amplitude and phase of an aberrated imaging field that are represented in terms of aberration functions. When the grating period decreases to approach the optical wavelength, the aberrations of lower-order rays are shown to be more influential on the fractional-Talbot imaging field than those of higher-order rays. The theory of aberration discussed here could be very useful in evaluating the fractional-Talbot image of a periodic binary grating.     

Probing a subcritical instability with an amplitude expansion: An exploration of how far one can get

We explore methods to locate subcritical branches of spatially periodic solutions in pattern forming systems with a nonlinear finite-wavelength instability. We do so by means of a direct expansion in the amplitude of the linearly least stable mode about the appropriate reference state which one considers. This is motivated by the observation that for some equations fully nonlinear chaotic dynamics has been found to be organized around periodic solutions that do not simply bifurcate from the basic (laminar) state. We apply the method to two model equations, a subcritical generalization of the Swift–Hohenberg equation and a novel extension of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation that we introduce to illustrate the abovementioned scenario in which weakly chaotic subcritical dynamics is organized around periodic states that bifurcate “from infinity” and that can nevertheless be probed perturbatively. We explore the reliability and robustness of such an expansion, with a particular focus on the use of these methods for determining the existence and approximate properties of finite-amplitude stationary solutions. Such methods obviously are to be used with caution: the expansions are often only asymptotic approximations, and if they converge their radius of convergence may be small. Nevertheless, expansions to higher order in the amplitude can be a useful tool to obtain qualitatively reliable results.     

Plasma Induced Wiggler Magnetic Field in a Cavity

The transformation of an elliptically polarized standing wave in a cavity by a suddenly and uniformly created plasma is discussed. Theoretical expressions for the plasma induced wiggler magnetic field as well as the frequency-upshifted standing wave are derived. By choosing appropriate values of the source wave parameters and plasma parameters, one can get wiggler magnetic field of desired magnitude, direction and wiggler wavelength. A few representative results are discussed.     

可变光阑光学衍射加密系统

为了克服双随机相位编码系统的局限性,提出基于光学衍射成像原理的图像加密方法.该方法在光学衍射加密系统中加入可变光阑,形成透光面积不同的振幅板,对明文进行加密,得出多个密文.解密时,通过相位恢复算法,从多幅衍射强度图像中恢复原始明文.仿真表明,由于只需要记录光波的衍射强度,在密文记录过程无需使用干涉装置,通过可变光阑可以方便地调节振幅板的透光面积,无需改变光学结构或者移动光学器件,因此,大大降低了加密过程实施的难度.