Repetitive impact exposure and characterization of stress-whitening of an American football helmet outer shell material

Mechanical stress exerted upon impact-modified polycarbonate (PC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends has been reported to generate microscopic voids via rubber-toughener (RT) particle cavitation which can macroscopically manifest to visibly whiten the material. Previous work has revealed a whitening phenomenon in collegiate American football helmet outer shells after a single season and in helmet-grade plaques following linear impact testing. The purpose of this research was to quantify the effects of repetitive linear drop exposures on the (i) impact performance; (ii) physical and thermal properties; and (iii) surface and tensile mechanical properties of a stress-whitened American football helmet outer shell material. Statistically significant changes in plaque impact performance corresponded to substantial stress-whitening that penetrated up to 40–45% into the plaque thickness and elicited shifts in surface and tensile mechanical properties. Nanoscale microscopy revealed elongation of the PC/PET matrix and delamination at the RT-matrix interface. Thermal property analysis suggested the concomitant occurrence of RT cavitation and strain-induced PET crystallization. Overall, the research identified a battery of diagnostic tools to characterize material property changes of stress-whitening in rubber-toughened helmet outer shell materials.     

PBL教学模式在中美高校化学实验课教学中应用的对比研究

因课程设置、学情等不同, PBL教学模式在中美高校化学实验课的实施过程中各具特色。本文从教材、课程考核、师资培训、研究机构和基金等4个角度客观分析PBL教学模式在中美2国高校化学实验课应用中的差异,并在此基础之上提出,应该客观公正地看待这种差异,树立文化自信。     

中美无机化学课程比较与探讨*——以美国康奈尔大学与河北工业大学无机化学课程为例

以河北工业大学和美国康奈尔大学的无机化学课程为例,从教材设置、教学方法和课程考核评价方式等方面对该课程教学进行了对比探讨,以期构建一套符合我国国情且具有国际视野的无机化学新的课程体系,能为国内高校本科无机化学课程的教学改革提供参考,提高其教育教学质量,促进本科人才培养。     

The circular chemistry conceptual framework: A way forward to sustainability in industry 4.0

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胶黏剂中的化学*——2020年美国国家化学周活动介绍及启示

重点介绍2020年美国国家化学周——“胶黏剂中的化学”实验活动,对科学阅读和采访未来科学家活动作简要介绍。以此得出本次化学周活动对我国化学教学的几点启示:(1)大概念视角,加深结构化认识;(2)扎根实践,提高应用意识;(3)鼓励探析,深化本质意识;(4)跨界科学,渗透STSE理念;(5)精选主题,凸显微型项目;(6)勤研善思,塑造优秀品格。     

人参属中药腐解化感作用研究进展

人参、西洋参和三七为人参属近缘物种,形态和化学成分相似,均具有连作障碍的特性。人参属中药连作后,土壤环境逐渐变得不适宜其生长,植株长势变弱易患病,导致生长发育受到抑制,出现严重的根腐病、须根脱落,甚至植株死亡现象。而造成人参属连作障碍的主要原因之一是化感物质的自毒作用,人参残体降解物作为人参化感物质主要来源之一,会导致种子发芽率下降,种苗死亡率升高、根腐病等病害加重,最终造成连作障碍。在人参属中药连作过程中,通过化感物质与土壤交流,也会直接或间接影响土壤理化性质的变化。对人参属中药腐解化感作用的研究进展以及腐解对土壤成分的影响进行综述,以期为人参属中药腐解化感作用及土壤利用的相关研究提供借鉴。     

Efficient Monte Carlo simulation for integral functionals of Brownian motion

In the paper, we develop a variance reduction technique for Monte Carlo simulations of integral functionals of a Brownian motion. The procedure is based on a new method of sampling the process, which combines the Brownian bridge construction with conditioning on integrals along paths of the process. The key element in our method is the identification of a low-dimensional vector of variables that reduces the dimension of the integration problem more effectively than the Brownian bridge. We illustrate the method by applying it in conjunction with low-discrepancy sequences to the problem of pricing Asian options.     

基于跳-分形模型的美式看涨期权定价

假设股票变化过程服从跳一分形布朗运动,根据风险中性定价原理对股票发生跳跃次数的收益求条件期望现值推导出M次离散支付红利的美式看涨期权解析定价方程,并使用外推加速法求出当M趋于无穷时方程的二重、三重正态积分多项式表达,依此计算连续支付红利美式看涨期权价值.数值模拟表明通常仅需二重正态积分多项式能产生精确价值,而在极实值状态下则需三重正态积分多项式才能满足,结合两种多项式可以编出有效数字程序评价支付红利的美式看涨期权.     

随机需求下基于供应中断的备份供应商决策分析

假定需求服从随机分布,研究由零售商主导的供应链中,采用一个战略供应商和一个备份供应商模式,零售商与备份供应商通过能力期权建立订货契约:首先,零售商向备份供应商预订能力,支付预订成本;接着,向战略供应商订货,如果没有发生突发事件则其供货量等于订货量,否则供货量变为零;然后,零售商基于战略供应商的供货量和备份供应商的能力预订确定向备份供应商的订货量,支付执行成本;最后,零售商用战略供应商和备份供应商的总供货量满足顾客需求。备份供应商在考虑自己的能力维持成本和制造成本后决定是否接受零售商提供的能力期权契约。针对零售商可选择的四种不同策略,求得采取不用策略所满足的条件,并给出相应的最优订货量、能力预订量和能力执行量和最优利润等的解析解。     

Pricing Lookback Options with Knock‐out Boundaries

In the last decade, many kinds of exotic options have been traded and introduced in the financial market. This paper describes a new kind of exotic option, lookback options with knock‐out boundaries. These options are knock‐out options whose pay‐offs depend on the extrema of a given securities price over a certain period of time. Closed form expressions for the price of seven kinds of lookback options with knock‐out boundaries are obtained in this article. The numerical studies have also been presented.