Free hypermodules: a categorical approach

Abstract

In category theory, the existence of free objects is very important, especially free modules that play an important role in homological algebra. Although algebraic hyperstructures are a natural extension of algebraic structures, due to the major difference between them, study-free objects in algebraic hyperstructures become very difficult. In this article, we provide a categorical approach for the construction of free hypermodules. In fact, by considering appropriate morphisms between hypermodules, we characterize free hypermodules from three different perspectives.     

Symmetric quadratic Hamiltonians with pseudo-Hermitian matrix representation

We prove that any symmetric Hamiltonian that is a quadratic function of the coordinates and momenta has a pseudo-Hermitian adjoint or regular matrix representation. The eigenvalues of the latter matrix are the natural frequencies of the Hamiltonian operator. When all the eigenvalues of the matrix are real, then the spectrum of the symmetric Hamiltonian is real and the operator is Hermitian. As illustrative examples we choose the quadratic Hamiltonians that model a pair of coupled resonators with balanced gain and loss, the electromagnetic self-force on an oscillating charged particle and an active LRC circuit.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>-singular dichotomy for orbital measures of classical simple Lie algebras

We prove that the G-invariant orbital measures supported on adjoint orbits in the Lie algebra of a classical, compact, connected, simple Lie group satisfy a smoothness dichotomy: Either μ ^k is singular to Lebesgue measure or μ ^k ∈ L ². The minimum k for which μ ^k ∈ L ² is specified and is also the minimum k such that the k-fold sum of the orbit has positive measure. S. K. Gupta appreciates the hospitality of the Department of Pure Mathematics at the University of Waterloo where some of this research was done. K. E. Hare was supported in part by NSERC.     

On ordered categories as a framework for fuzzification of algebraic and topological structures

Using the framework of ordered categories, the paper considers a generalization of the fuzzification machinery of algebraic structures introduced by Rosenfeld as well as provides a new approach to fuzzification of topological structures, which amounts to fuzzifying the underlying “set” of a structure in a suitably compatible way, leaving the structure itself crisp. The latter machinery allows the so-called “double fuzzification”, i.e., a fuzzification of something that is already fuzzified.     

耦合非线性Schrödinger方程组的Neumann问题

该文考虑一类耦合椭圆型非线性Schr\"{o}dinger方程组的Neumann问题极小能量解（基态解）的存在性和集中性质. 主要研究极小能量解的尖点, 即最大值点的位置. 利用 Lin Tai-Chia 和 Wei Juncheng 研究 Dirichlet 问题的方法, 该文首先得到了相应Neumann问题的极小能量解的存在性. 当相当于Planck常数的小参数趋于零时, 该文证明了极小能量解的尖点向定义区域的边界靠近, 并且能量集中在这些尖点处. 另外, 方程组解的两个分支解相互吸引或排斥时, 它们的尖点也相互吸引或排斥.     

Beltrami方程组弱解分量函数的弱单调性

该文引入一类新的函数空间, 并借助于此空间, 研究了 A -调和方程很弱解的弱单调性, 并得到了空间Beltrami方程组弱解分量函数的弱单调性.     

A methodology for the development of discrete adjoint solvers using automatic differentiation tools

A methodology for the rapid development of adjoint solvers for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is presented. The approach relies on the use of automatic differentiation (AD) tools to almost completely automate the process of development of discrete adjoint solvers. This methodology is used to produce the adjoint code for two distinct 3D CFD solvers: a cell-centred Euler solver running in single-block, single-processor mode and a multi-block, multi-processor, vertex-centred, magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) solver. Instead of differentiating the entire source code of the CFD solvers using AD, we have applied it selectively to produce code that computes the transpose of the flux Jacobian matrix and the other partial derivatives that are necessary to compute sensitivities using an adjoint method. The discrete adjoint equations are then solved using the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) library. The selective application of AD is the principal idea of this new methodology, which we call the AD adjoint (ADjoint). The ADjoint approach has the advantages that it is applicable to any set of governing equations and objective functions and that it is completely consistent with the gradients that would be computed by exact numerical differentiation of the original discrete solver. Furthermore, the approach does not require hand differentiation, thus avoiding the long development times typically required to develop discrete adjoint solvers for partial differential equations, as well as the errors that result from the necessary approximations used during the differentiation of complex systems of conservation laws. These advantages come at the cost of increased memory requirements for the discrete adjoint solver. However, given the amount of memory that is typically available in parallel computers and the trends toward larger numbers of multi-core processors, this disadvantage is rather small when compared with the very significant advantages that are demonstrated. The sensitivities of drag and lift coefficients with respect to different parameters obtained using the discrete adjoint solvers show excellent agreement with the benchmark results produced by the complex-step and finite-difference methods. Furthermore, the overall performance of the method is shown to be better than most conventional adjoint approaches for both CFD solvers used.     

关于拟连续domain以及函数空间的注记

用伴随的方式给出了拟连续domain以及其Scott闭集格(又叫广义完全分配格)的等价刻画。此外,本文证明了拟连续格关于函数空间是不封闭的,从而不能构成cartesian闭范畴。     

由谱数据和主子矩阵构造Jacobi矩阵及其推广

研究由主子矩阵和谱数据构造Jacobi矩阵问题, 推广到弹簧质点系统谱约束下的双倍维扩展问题和对称三对角二次束逆特征值问题.给出了问题的数值解法.