截断平顶高斯光束M2因子的比较研究

使用熵束宽、渐近分析和环围功率法对截断平顶高斯光束的束腰宽度w、远场发散角θ0和M²因子作了比较研究.结果表明:按不同束宽定义得到的截断平顶高斯光束的w、θ0和M²因子不同,且与截断参量a/w0(a为光阑半宽度,w0为平顶高斯光束初始束腰宽度)有关.随a/w0的增加,三种方法计算得到的w、θ0和M²都分别趋于某常量.     

What we have learned from studies on chemical properties of amorphous alloys?

Amorphous alloys have many attractive characteristics including extremely high corrosion resistance if the sufficient amounts of corrosion-resistant elements are added. The superiority of amorphous alloys is based on the homogeneous single phase nature without any chemical and physical heterogeneities. Although there are processing limitations to avoid the formation of heterogeneous crystalline structure in addition to no welding technology without crystallization, the application of corrosion-resistant amorphous alloys is expected particularly to the very aggressive environments, where any conventional crystalline metallic materials cannot be used. Some amorphous bulk alloys showed zero corrosion mass loss due to spontaneous passivation even in 12 M HCl. Production of amorphous bulk alloys became possible for selected compositions. The homogeneous single phase nature is also effective to form useful catalysts with unique composition and structure. An example of catalysts is for carbon dioxide methanation useful for supply of renewable energy in the form of methane.     

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy on Au nanoparticles assembled using lauryl amine (LAM) and octadecane thiol (ODT)

In this report, we demonstrate scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy on thin films of lauryl amine (LAM) and octadecane thiol (ODT) protected gold nanoparticles. We show that the zero current in the I-V curves (measure of Coulomb blockade (CB) of the nanoparticles) depends on the properties of the spacer molecule. In both the cases the gap voltage and the tunneling current at which the images are obtained are quite different which is further confirmed from the fitting performed based on the orthodox theory. The values for the capacitance and charging energy obtained from the fitting for ODT capped particles are comparable to the values obtained using spherical capacitor model. In contrast, values of these parameters were found to differ for LAM capped nanoparticles. While imaging, ODT capped nanoparticles were observed to drag along the scan direction leading to ordering of particles. Images of LAM capped gold nanoparticles show local ordering in self-assembly of particles although no evidence of large scale ordering in spatial Fourier transform was seen. These observations suggest that nanoparticles with larger CB would be imaged nonevasively in contrast to small CB systems for which tip induced effects will be dominant. In both the systems the current was found to rise faster than theoretical curves based on the orthodox theory suggesting that mechanism of charge transfer in this case may involve field emission rather than tunneling through a rectangular barrier. An attempt has been made to explain charge transfer based on Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plots of the I-V curves.     

Structural, AC, and DC magnetic properties of Zn1−xCoxFe2O4

Structural, AC and DC magnetic properties of polycrystalline Zn_1−xCo_xFe₂O₄ (x=0.2, 0.4) samples sintered at various temperatures (1100-1300 °C), and various dwell times (0.2-15 h) have been investigated thoroughly. The bulk density of the Zn_0.60Co_0.40Fe₂O₄ samples increases as the sintering temperature (T_s) increases from 1100 to 1250 °C, and above 1250 °C the bulk density decreases slightly. The Zn_0.80Co_0.20Fe₂O₄ samples show similar behavior of changes to that of Zn_0.60Co_0.40Fe₂O₄ samples except that the bulk density is found to be highest at 1200 °C. The DC magnetization as a function of temperature curves show that the Zn_0.60Co_0.40Fe₂O₄ sample is ferrimagnetic at room temperature while the Zn_0.80Co_0.20Fe₂O₄ sample is paramagnetic at room temperature. The T_c of Zn_0.80Co_0.20Fe₂O₄ sample is found to be 170 K from DC magnetization measurement. Separate measurement (AC magnetization), initial permeability as a function of temperature shows that the T_c of the Zn_0.60Co_0.40Fe₂O₄ sample is 353 K. Slight variation of T_c is observed depending on sintering condition. The initial permeability for the Zn_0.60Co_0.40Fe₂O₄ composition sintered at 1250 °C is found to be maximum.     

Sr4Al14O25:RE3+(RE=Eu,Ce,Tb)中稀土离子的发光性质

采用高温固相反应合成了Sr4Al14O25：RE^3 (RE＝Eu，Ce，Tb)样品，研究了其中Eu^3 ，Ce^3 和Tb^3 的光谱性质，以及Ce^3 与Tb^3 共掺时的能量传递现象；发现Eu^3 ，Ce^3 和Tb^3 占有两个格位，与Eu^2 在此基质中的情况相似；在Tb^3 的发射光谱中同时观察到了来自^5D3与^5D4的发射，表明两能级间无辐射跃迁过程不显著；Ce^3 对Tb^3 有敏化作用。     

三维问题的局部块分解预条件

利用块三对角矩阵的嵌套局部块分解构造了一个不完全分解预条件子,并考虑了其修正型变种,分析了两者的存在性及若干性质.针对标准七点差分矩阵,给出了预条件后的实际条件数.结果表明,采用局部块分解预条件时条件数与矩阵阶数的2/3次幂成正比,而采用修正型预条件时条件数与矩阵阶数的立方根成正比.最后考虑了预条件的高效实现并在主频为550MHz、内存为256M的微机上作了若干数值实验,并与其它较有效的预条件方法进行了比较.     

Transformation mechanism of n-butyl terminated Si nanoparticles embedded into Si1−xCx nanocomposites mixed with Si nanoparticles and C atoms

Bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images, and fast-Fourier transformed electron-diffraction patterns showed that n-butyl terminated Si nanoparticles were aggregated. The formation of Si_1−xC_x nanocomposites was mixed with Si nanoparticles and C atoms embedded in a SiO₂ layer due to the diffusion of C atoms from n-butyl termination shells into aggregated Si nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the Si_1−xC_x nanocomposites mixed with Si nanoparticles and C atoms existed in almost all regions of the SiO₂ layer. The formation mechanism of Si nanoparticles and the transformation mechanism of n-butyl terminated Si nanoparticles embedded into Si_1−xC_x nanocomposites mixed with Si nanoparticles and C atoms are described on the basis of the TEM, HRTEM, and AFM results. These results can help to improve the understanding of the formation mechanism of Si nanoparticles.     

Fractal dimension of 40 MHz intravascular ultrasound radio frequency signals

Objective

Fully automatic tissue characterization in intravascular ultrasound systems is still a challenge for the researchers. The present work aims to evaluate the feasibility of using the Higuchi fractal dimension of intravascular ultrasound radio frequency signals as a feature for tissue characterization.

Methods

Fractal dimension images are generated based on the radio frequency signals obtained using mechanically rotating 40 MHz intravascular ultrasound catheter (Atlantis SR Plus, Boston Scientific, USA) and compared with the corresponding correlation images.

Conclusion

An inverse relation between the fractal dimension images and the correlation images was revealed indicating that the hard or slow moving tissues in the correlation image usually have low fractal dimension and vice-versa. Thus, the present study suggests that fractal dimension images may be used as a feature for intravascular ultrasound tissue characterization and present better resolution then the correlation images.     

Synchronization of switched system and application in communication

In this Letter, synchronization of switched system is investigated based on Lyapunov method. A sufficient condition is derived to ensure the synchronization between two switched systems, and a new communication scheme is also proposed based on this. Furthermore, some secure analysis works, such as return map attack and moving average error attack, are also given to show the security of the proposed scheme. Finally, simulation examples are constructed to verify the theoretical analysis and its application for communication.     

Phase Transitions of Ruthenium-Doped Iron Oxide Studied by 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy at Elevated Temperatures

Hyperfine Interactions - The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra recorded in situ from 5% ruthenium-doped maghemite show parameters typical for maghemite up to 600 K and a hyperfine field distribution...