Intramolecular proton transfer induced by divalent alkali earth metal cation in the gas state

Interactions between divalent alkali earth metal (DAEM) ions M (M?Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and the second stable glycine conformer in the gas phase, which can transfer into the ground‐state glycine‐M²⁺ (except the glycine–Be²⁺) among each corresponding isomers when these divalent metal ions are bound, are studied at the hybrid three‐parameter B3LYP level with three different basis sets. Proton transfers from the hydroxyl to the amino nitrogen of the glycine without energy barriers have been first observed in the gas phase in these glycine–M²⁺ systems. The interaction between the glycine and these DAEM ions except beryllium and magnesium ion only create an amino hydrogen pointing to the original hydroxyl due to their weaker interaction relative to those divalent transition metal (DTM) ion‐bound glycine derivatives, being obviously different from that between the glycine and DTM ions, in which two amino hydrogens point to the original hydroxyl oxygen when these metal‐chelated glycine derivatives are produced. The interaction energy between the glycine and divalent magnesium would be the boundary of one or two amino hydrogens pointing to the hydrogyl oxygen, i.e., the ?170.3 kcal/mol of binding energy is a critical point. Similar intramolecular proton transfer has also been predicted for those DTM ion‐chelated glycine systems; however, that in the gas state has not been observed in the monovalent metal ion‐coordinated glycine systems. The binding energy between some monovalent TM ion and the glycine is similar to that of the glycine–Ba²⁺, which has the lowest binding strength among these DAEM–ion chelated glycine complexes. The difference among them only lies in the larger electrostatic and polarized effects in the latter, which favor the stability of the zwitterionic glycine form in the gas phase. According to these observations, we predict that the zwitterionic glycine would exist in the field of two positive charges in the gas phase. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 205–214, 2003     

Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of Nitrate in AUT Solution

A differential pulse polarographic method for the determination of nitrate ion has been developed. With 0.5 M CaCl₂ as supporting electrolyte, NO^?₃ is reduced to give a peak with E_1/2=–1.836 Volt vs. the Ag/AgCl electrode. The differential pulse polarographic peak height is proportional to the nitrate concentration from 20 to 60 ppm. The detection limit for nitrate is 2 ppm in pure aqueous solution. In the determination of 40 ppm nitrate a relative precision (relative standard deviation) of less than 2% was achieved. Nitrite interferes seriously and should be absent if accurate results are required. The method has been applied to the determination of nitrate in Ammonium Uranyl Tricarbonate (AUT) Solution, results obtained by this method are compared to those obtained by ion chromatography. The agreement between the two sets of results suggests that the DPP method can be used with a fair degree of confidence.     

Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanism of Rh(III)-catalyzed Annulation of 2-Biphenylboronic Acid with Activated Alkene

The mechanism is investigated for Cp^tBuRh(OH)₂-catalyzed annulation of 2-biphenylboronic acid with three activated alkenes using M06-2X functional. The reaction comprises transmetalation via two steps and following C-H activation producing reactive Rh-biphenyl complex with two Rh—C σ bonds. After the coordination/insertion of alkenes, respective fused or bridged cyclic products are yielded depending on different alkenes accompanied by the release of Cp^tBuRh. The promotion of Cp^tBuRh(OH)₂ lies in the barrier decrease of transmetalation and C-H activation ready for coordination/insertion ensuring the smooth progress of common rate-limiting reductive elimination. The stereoselective transfer and ring rotation are specific for benzoquinone and cyclopropenone. The role of Rh(III) catalyst and release of Rh(I) is supported by Multiwfn analysis on frontier molecular orbital(FMO) of specific transiton states(TSs) and Mayer bond order(MBO) value of vital bonding, breaking.     

In Situ Spectroscopic Detection of Large-Scale Reorientations of Transmembrane Helices During Influenza A M2 Channel Opening**

Viroporins are small ion channels in membranes of enveloped viruses that play key roles during viral life cycles. To use viroporins as drug targets against viral infection requires in-depth mechanistic understanding and, with that, methods that enable investigations under in situ conditions. Here, we apply surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy to Influenza A M2 reconstituted within a solid-supported membrane, to shed light on the mechanics of its viroporin function. M2 is a paradigm of pH-activated proton channels and controls the proton flux into the viral interior during viral infection. We use SEIRA to track the large-scale reorientation of M2’s transmembrane α-helices in situ during pH-activated channel opening. We quantify this event as a helical tilt from 26° to 40° by correlating the experimental results with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance-informed computational spectroscopy. This mechanical motion is impeded upon addition of the inhibitor rimantadine, giving a direct spectroscopic marker to test antiviral activity. The presented approach provides a spectroscopic tool to quantify large-scale structural changes and to track the function and inhibition of the growing number of viroporins from pathogenic viruses in future studies.     

Confinement effects on the electronic structure of M‐shell atoms: A study with explicitly correlated wave functions

The ground and some excited states of Na and Mg atoms confined at the center of a spherical box with impenetrable walls are studied. Variational wave functions including dynamic correlations and configuration mixing have been obtained. Level crossings induced by confinement have been analyzed in terms of the energy of the occupied orbitals of the M shell and the weight of the different configurations. Confinement effects on the correlation energy have been studied. The parameterized optimized effective potential and the variational Monte Carlo methods have been employed. A cut off‐factor has been included to account for the hard wall confinement.     

膜受体介导双酚A低剂量内分泌干扰效应的分子机制

双酚A(Bisphenol A, BPA)为苯酚系衍生物,作为生产聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂的中间体被广泛应用于多种产品制造中,为全球产量最大的工业品之一。BPA的大量应用使普通人群暴露BPA的几率显著增加。BPA结构与雌激素相似,为一典型雌激素样内分泌干扰物,可以对机体产生多种毒性效应。高剂量BPA主要通过拮抗雌激素受体而发挥其内分泌干扰效应;环境相关低剂量BPA由于不能与雌激素竞争结合雌激素受体,主要通过膜受体介导的信号通路以非基因组方式诱导细胞生物学功能改变。但是,具体何种膜受体介导BPA的低剂量效应以及相关分子机制目前还不清楚。基于此,我们课题组近年来在这些方面做了一系列工作。我们发现,膜G蛋白偶联受体30和整合素αvβ3及其介导的信号传导通路分别介导了环境相关低剂量BPA对雄性生殖细胞的增殖诱导和甲状腺素基因转录的干扰。对环境相关低剂量BPA作用机制的深入理解不仅有助于更客观真实评价和预测环境暴露BPA对人体健康的可能潜在影响以及采取有针对性的预防和干预措施。同时,也将为评价其他类似结构雌激素样环境内分泌干扰物的健康效应提供理论基础及技术支持。本文将结合我们近年来的研究工作,综述目前环境低剂量BPA暴露对人体健康影响的分子机制研究进展、存在的问题以及将来研究的一些思考。     

非水滴定测定烟叶中烟碱含量实验的微型化

研制了一种微型滴定装置,利用该装置(WD-COⅡ型微型滴定装置)对烟叶中烟碱含量进行非水滴定,通过数理统计方法将微型滴定管与常规滴定管的平行测定结果进行了比较,得到相同样品的一对非常接近的测定结果。证明新型微量滴定管具有较好的操作性能和精密度。     

Möbius function and characteristic monomials for combinatorial enumeration

After the definitions of amplified representations and number-theoretical vectors, the markaracter table of a cyclic subgroup is converted into the corresponding Q-conjugacy character table. The conversion is shown to necessitate an interconversion matrix that contains M?bius functions as elements. Since the interconversion matrix gives characteristic monomials for cyclic groups, all the powers appearing in each of the characteristic monomials are shown to be integers. Characteristic monomials for finite groups are then built up by starting from those of cyclic groups. This procedure clarifies the fact that all the powers appearing in each characteristic monomial for finite groups are integers. The relationship between characteristic monomial tables and unit-subduced-cycle-index tables is discussed with respect to their application to isomer enumeration. Received: 15 July 1998 / Accepted: 16 December 1998 / Published online: 16 March 1999     

M_2S_3-SO_4~(2-)型催化剂合成高级脂肪酸酯

１引言脂和国民经济关系密切,既是人类食物的重要组成部份和重要的营养物质,又是工业用途广泛的原料。工业上由乙醇与脂肪酸经硫酸液相催化合成酯［‘”’］,但此法副反应多,设备腐蚀严重,后处理工序繁琐,三废处理困难。采用超强酸催化高级脂肪酸酯的合成,可以避免上述缺点。而且这类催化剂可在高温下使用,相对于液体强酸型催化剂ｌ‘１,它们以其不同寻常的酸强度使许多难以进行的反应在很温和的条件下进行,并且具有能耗低、无腐蚀、无污染、工艺简便、用量少、易再生等,因而得到越来越广泛的应用。２实验部分２．１试剂及纯废月…     

An ab initio study on the vibrational and electronic spectra of the molybdenum–sulfur clusters with Mo2OnS4−n(n=0–4) core

Using the ab initio method, the vibrational and electronic spectra of binuclear molybdenum clusters which contain Mo₂O_nS_4−n(n=0–4) core were investigated. The main absorption bands in the IR spectra of these clusters are assigned and compared with each other, especially for the case of the trans isomers. The electronic spectra were studied by performing the CIS calculations. The ground state and the first excited state of the clusters were discussed by using the natural bond orbital method. It is shown that the band corresponding to the longest wavelength can be assigned to three kinds of transition types. Two transitions, σ(Mo–Mo)→π*(Mo–X_t)(X=S,O) and σ(Mo–Mo)→σ*(Mo–Mo), can be seen in most cases.