Variational methods for fluid–structure interaction and porous media

In this work we consider a poroelastic, flexible material that may deform largely, which is situated in an incompressible fluid driven by the Navier–Stokes equations in two or three space dimensions. By a variational approach we show existence of weak solutions for a class of such coupled systems. We consider the unsteady case, this means that the PDE for the poroelastic solid involves the Fréchet-derivative of a non-convex functional as well as (second order in time) inertia terms.     

Secondary-school teachers’ noticing of aspects of mathematics teaching talk in the context of one-day workshops

In a research project with one-day teacher education workshops for secondary-school mathematics teachers, our study explores the potential of tool-supported discussions in helping them to notice important and critical aspects of mathematics teaching talk. Mathematical practices of naming and explaining in teaching talk, students’ content learning challenges, and noticing processes of identifying, interpreting and deciding are the components of our framework and the tools that guided the design and implementation of three workshops on linear equations, fractions and plane isometries. The data was collected during the discussions with the seven teachers and the teacher educator throughout these workshops. The coding of the discussions allowed us to see discourse moves that reveal the teachers’ noticing of: (i) challenges in the identification of mathematical naming, (ii) mathematical explaining that voices the students’ learning, (iii) classroom practice in relation to mathematical naming and explaining.     

Limitations and guidelines for measuring the spectral width of ultrashort light pulses with a scanning Fabry–Pérot interferometer

The measurement of the spectral width of ultrashort light pulses using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) is investigated. It is shown, numerically and experimentally, that the measured width critically depends on the pulse properties (such as pulse shape, pulse duration, frequency chirp and wavelength) and on the properties of the FPI (such as the mirror spacing and the mirror reflectivities). The obtained results are of particular importance if the spatial length of the short light pulses is comparable or even shorter than the distance between the FPI mirrors. The derived guideline indicate that the actual spectral width of the ultrashort light pulses is measured with good accuracy only if the finesse F≥40 and the round trip time of the light pulses inside the Fabry–Pérot interferometer is approximately one to three times the pulse duration. Received: 17 December 1999 / Revised version: 14 April 2000 / Published online: 5 July 2000     

Influence of end reflectivity on gain saturation in a planar distributed feedback laser

An approximate method for the analysis of planar-waveguide distributed-feedback lasers is extended to include a nonvanishing reflectivity at the ends of the structure. An index grating structure with parasitic losses is investigated. An expression for the small-signal gain coefficient ^0MN as a function of the output power P ^MNout normalized to the saturation power P ^s , coupling coefficient K, complex reflectivity R of end reflectors, and waveguide parameters is presented.     

Energy theory of waveguide distributed feedback gas lasers

In this paper systematic numerical studies of the nonlinear operation of a waveguide distributed feedback gas laser equipped with a metal waveguide of rectangular cross section are presented. An approximate formula relating small-signal gain with the output power and the parameters of the structure for this kind of lasers is derived. Characteristics revealing saturation effects for weak as well as strong coupling regions are presented.Academic guest from the Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Technical University, Warsaw, Poland     

C*-dynamical systems that are asymptotically highly anticommutative

It is shown that with probability 1 on , resp. ongx the irrational rotation algebra with respect to the CAT map and the generalized Price-Powers shiftA _X are asymptotically highly anticommutative.     

Fluctuations of a flux driven interface

We investigate a low temperature lattice gas with short range attractive forces. Boundary chemical potentials are imposed in such a way that a sharp interface separates low and high density domains and such that there is a constant mass flux perpendicular to this interface. From a continuum theory (fluctuating hydrodynamics) we determine the interface fluctuations in this nonequilibrium steady state. They turn out to be reduced as compared to thermal equilibrium.Dedicated to Herbert Wagner on the occasion of his 60th birthday and in respect for his service to the statistical physics community     

基于核映射多光谱特征融合的高光谱遥感图像分类法

多光谱遥感图像的波段设定在理论和实践上都极具地物针对性,在更有效的数据挖掘方法帮助下可以提取足够的光谱特征以区分地物,本文将光谱匹配技术用于相似性度量,以提高分类准确度.首先选定光谱角制图、光谱相关制图、Mahalanobis距离、光谱相似度和光谱信息差异做为光谱度量;随后选择高斯核函数,在选定核函数之后,得到了核映射下的光谱特征度量来挖掘高光谱遥感数据的光谱特征.最后采用核映射多光谱特征融合法对多光谱遥感图像光谱特征的相似性进行描述,得到基于核映射多光谱特征融合的高光谱遥感图像分类算法.使用MATLAB中的LIBSVM工具箱对AVIRIS高光谱遥感数据进行分类实验,并与已有算法进行对比,结果表明本文提出的算法具有较高的分类准确度和性能.     

Recent advances in rice genome and chromosome structure research by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an effective method for the physical mapping of genes and repetitive DNA sequences on chromosomes. Physical mapping of unique nucleotide sequences on specific rice chromosome regions was performed using a combination of chromosome identification and highly sensitive FISH. Increases in the detection sensitivity of smaller DNA sequences and improvements in spatial resolution have ushered in a new phase in FISH technology. Thus, it is now possible to perform in situ hybridization on somatic chromosomes, pachytene chromosomes, and even on extended DNA fibers (EDFs). Pachytene-FISH allows the integration of genetic linkage maps and quantitative chromosome maps. Visualization methods using FISH can reveal the spatial organization of the centromere, heterochromatin/euchromatin, and the terminal structures of rice chromosomes. Furthermore, EDF-FISH and the DNA combing technique can resolve a spatial distance of 1 kb between adjacent DNA sequences, and the detection of even a 300-bp target is now feasible. The copy numbers of various repetitive sequences and the sizes of various DNA molecules were quantitatively measured using the molecular combing technique. This review describes the significance of these advances in molecular cytology in rice and discusses future applications in plant studies using visualization techniques.