Toward the total synthesis of elisapterosin B: A Hg(OTf)(2)-promoted diastereoselective intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction

As part of an approach to the synthesis of the antitubercular agent elisapterosin B, we prepared two different chiral, non-racemic olefinic substrates and examined their diastereoselective ring closure using mercury salts. The effort yielded potential precursors to elisapterosin B in good yield with good to excellent diastereocontrol.     

Probenchemische Methode zur Bestimmung von 15N an in Gesteinen fixiertem Stickstoff

Zur Klärung geologischer Prozesse werden in zunchmendem Maße die Isotopenvariationen des Stickstoffs herangezogen. Da der größte Teil des Stickstoffs der Gesteine in gebundener Form als Ammoniumstickstoff [1–6] vorliegt, kommt der Untersuchung der Isotopenvariationen desselben eine große Bedeutung zu.     

Füllstandsmessung mit Streustrahlungssonden

Es wird die Abhängigkeit der Impulsdichte vom Füllstand bei Meßanordnungen mit γ-Streustrahlungssonden verschiedener Länge untersucht. Verwendet werden die Nuklide ⁶⁰Co und ¹³⁷Cs. Ein nahezu linearer Anstieg der Impulsdichte mit dem Füllstand wird bei Füllgütern kleiner Ordnungszahl nur bei Sondenlängen L ≥ μ₀ ^?1.erzielt. Der Einfluß des Schüttwinkels und der Dichte des Füllgutes wird diskutiert.     

Theoretical Prediction on the Germylenoid HB=GeLiF and Its Insertion Reaction with R-H（R = F,OH,NH_2）

In the present work we investigated a novel triplet ground-state germylenoid HB=GeLiF as well as its insertion reactions with RH(R = F,OH and NH2) using the DFT B3LYP and QCISD methods for the first time.Geometry optimization calculations show that the triplet HB=GeLiF has three equilibrium structures,in which the four-membered ring structure is the most stable with the lowest energy.All mechanisms of the three insertion reactions of germylenoid HB=GeLiF with RH(R = F,OH,and NH2) are identical to each other.Based on the calculated results,it is concluded that under the same conditions the insertion reactions should occur easily in the order of H-F > H-OH > H-NH2.In THF solvent the insertion reactions get more difficult than in the gas phase.     

Untersuchungen zur Empfindlichkeit der β-Rückstreumethode bei der Messung dünner Auftragsschichten mit einem 11C-Spezialpräparat

Die Bestimmung dünner Auftragsschichten auf bewegten Trāgermaterialien mit der β-Rūckstreumethode hängt wesentlich von der Empfindlichkeit der Messung und der Dynamik des Prozesses ab.

In diesem Beitrag wird für spezielle Stoffe der Einfluβ der Trāgermaterialien bei Mehrschichtproblemen auf die Empfindlichkeit untersucht.     

Rapid initiation of reactions in Al/Ni multilayers with nanoscale layering

Research into nanoenergetic materials is enabling new capabilities for controlling exothermic reaction rates and energy output, as well as new methods for integrating these materials with conventional electronics fabrication techniques. Many reactions produce primarily heat, and in some cases it is desirable to increase the rate of heat release beyond what is typically observed. Here we investigate the Al-Ni intermetallic reaction, which normally propagates across films or foils at rates lower than 10 m/s. However, models and experiments indicate that local heating rates can be very high (10⁷ K/s), and uniform heating of such a multilayer film can lead to a rapid, thermally explosive type of reaction. With the hopes of using a device to transduce electrical energy to kinetic energy of a flyer plate in the timescale of 100's of nanoseconds, we have incorporated a Ni/Al nanolayer film that locally heats upon application of a large electrical current. We observed flyer plate velocities in the 2-6 km/s range, corresponding to 4-36 kJ/g in terms of specific kinetic energy. Several samples containing Ni/Al films with different bilayer thicknesses were tested, and many produced additional kinetic energy in the 1.1-2.3 kJ/g range, as would be expected from the Ni-Al intermetallic reaction. These results provide evidence that nanoscale Ni/Al layers reacted in the timescale necessary to contribute to device output.     

Structural deformation monitored by vibrational properties and orbital modeling in (Pb,Sm)TiO3 systems

Pb_1−xSm_xTiO₃ (PST) powders with x varying from 0 to 0.1 were obtained by the polymeric precursor method, a soft chemical route. The vibrational properties relating tetragonal to pseudo-cubic phase transition were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained showed that the phase transition is extremely dependent upon the samarium content and presents a diffuse behavior. Monitoring of the oxygen 2p and titanium 3d orbitals was performed by the periodic mechanical quantum method, revealing the changes that occur with the distribution and contribution of the hybrid orbitals due to the samarium influence.     

Fabrication and transformation of dense SnO2 via laser ablation condensation

Dense SnO₂ nanocondensates with fluorite-type-related structures have been synthesized via severe heating-cooling under energetic Nd-YAG laser pulse irradiation of the Sn target in oxygen ambient. Transmission electron microscopic observations indicated that the fluorite type transformed in a martensitic manner into a baddeleyite-type structure with accompanied dislocations, twinning, commensurate shearing and shape change. The Pa3¯-modified fluorite-type structure was hardly observed possibly due to its transformation into α-PbO₂ type and then rutile-type structures in the dynamic process.     

Nitrogen containing barium titanate: Preparation and characterisation

The purpose of this work is to study the incorporation of nitrogen into barium titanate at oxygen sites by ammonolysis. The nitrogen content of the resulting barium titanate powders strongly depends on the flow rate of ammonia and the ratio Ba/Ti. The amount of resulting oxygen vacancies is lowered by co-doping with fluoride and tantalum.By avoiding an excess of BaO and exchanging 10 mol% Ti by Ta it is possible to produce powders with nitrogen content of more than 1 wt%. Partial substitution of barium oxide by barium fluoride also increases the nitrogen content. The nitrogen containing powders are colored and show an additional absorption at 500 nm measured in the UV/vis reflectance spectrum. The concentrations of nitrogen and fluorine in the samples were determined using ion-sensitive electrodes. X-ray powder diffraction shows the composition of the powders. The thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and in order to calculate the specific surface area the three-point BET method was used.     

Pyrolysis synthesis of magnetic - and -MnO2 nanostructures and the polymorph discrimination

The concentration of the Mn(NO₃)₂ solution has significant influence on the morphologies and the phases of the MnO₂ products. A large number of ε- MnO₂ nanowires were prepared via a simple pyrolysis under lower reaction concentration. The nanowires have lengths up to tens of micrometers and diameters in the range of 20–100 nm. The β- MnO₂ nanobundles and nanoflowers were prepared by increasing the concentration of Mn(NO₃)₂ solution. The superparamagnetism of ε- MnO₂ nanowires and paramagnetism of β- MnO₂ nanoflowers indicate their potential applications in magnetic materials.