含亚胺和胆甾烯基不对称液晶二聚体的合成及介晶性

报道含亚胺和胆甾烯基不对称液晶二聚体化合物XC₆H₄N＝CHC₆H₄OC₁₀H₂₀COOCh* [X＝OC_nH_2n＋1, (n＝1～12,14), F, Cl, Br, CH₃] (1a～1q)的合成及液晶性. 目标化合物通过600 MHz ¹H NMR和元素分析进行了结构表征. 其介晶性通过偏光显微镜(POM)和差示扫描量热计(DSC)进行了研究. 结果显示: 所有化合物都具有胆甾相(N*). 对于烷氧基系列(X＝OC_nH_2n＋1), 有部分化合物还呈现了近晶A相(S_A), 且随着末端烷氧链长度的增加, 化合物的清亮点呈现缓慢下降的趋势, 而化合物从胆甾相到各向同性液体转变的熵变(ΔS_N*→I)则呈现奇-偶效应. 同时我们对比研究了取代基X对胆甾相稳定性的影响, 发现取代基X对胆甾相的稳定性高低顺序为: MeO＞Cl＞Br＞Me＞F. 这些结果证实了末端取代基的改变对化合物的相转变温度以及介晶性质有显著的影响.     

Kalman滤波分辩交流示波极谱图中重叠切口

交流示波极谱过去仅用于简单体系的测定,当溶液中含有大量干挠离子时,dE/dt～E曲线上将产生许多切口,它们互相重叠干扰,无法进行定量测定,本文首次将Kalman滤波算法引入交流示波极谱,用于解析多组分共存时的示波图,将重叠切口进行分离,使干扰共存时定量测定成为可能。     

Ternäre intermetallische Phasen des Lithiums mit Elementen der 4. Neben- und 5. Hauptgruppe mit statistischer Metallverteilung im „Kationen”︁-Teilgitter

Ternary Intermetallic Phases of Lithium, Transition Metals of the 4^th Group and Elements of the 5^th Maingroup with Statistical Metal Distribution in the ?Cation”?-Substructure The results of X-ray investigations and neutron diffraction on new and in some cases already known [1, 2] ternary intermetallic phases of Lithium with transition metals of the 4^th group (b) and those of the 5^th main group (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) will be reported. They crystallize in a partly ?filled”? antifluorite type structure with a statistical Li/B-distribution in the tetrahedral sites. The structures are obviously stabilized by small amounts of enclosed d-elements.     

PEO／PBHE共混体系X射线散射研究

在聚环氧乙烷(PEO)/聚双酚A羟基醚(PBHE)共混体系中PEO是一个强质子受体,而PBHE是一个强质子给体,两者极易形成氢键,十分有利于形成互容对。笔者研究了PEO/PBHE共混体系的相容性,等温及非等温结晶动力学,本文根据Vonk提出的一维电子密度相关函数,分析了PEO/PBHE的SAXS现象,求得了共混体系的结晶度,片晶层厚度,过渡层厚度及长周期等结构参数。     

Tannins and Related Compounds from Quisqualis Indica

Continuous exploration of the chemical constituents of Combretaceous plants has led to the discovery of two novel ellagitannins, quisqualin A ( 1 ) and quisqualin B ( 2 ), from the fruits of Quisqualis indica. A total of twenty-one other tannins were also isolated from either the fruits or leaves of Q. indica. including [I] eleven ellagitannins: 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose ( 3 ), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-4-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 4 ), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-6-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 5 ), 2,3-(S)-HHDPA6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 6 ). pedunculagin ( 7 ), punicalagin ( 8 ), eugeniin ( 9 ), 1-desgalloyleugeniin ( 10 ), casuariin ( 11 ), 5-desgalloylstachyurin ( 12 ), castalagin ( 13 ); [II] five gallotannins-. 6-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 14 ), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose ( 15 ), 2,3-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 16 ), 3,4-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 17 ), 4,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose ( 18 ); [III] four phenol-carboxylic acids: gallic acid ( 19 ), ellagic acid ( 20 ), flavogallonic acid ( 21 ), brevifolin carboxylic acid ( 22 ) and [IV] one other hydrolyzable tannin: punicalin ( 23 ).     

Cellulose production based on hemicellulose hydrolysate from steam-pretreated willow

The production cost of cellulolytic enzymes is a major contributor to the high cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosics using enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellulolytic enzyme production ofTrichoderma reesei Rut C 30, which is known as a good cellulase secreting micro-organism, using willow as the carbon source. The willow, which is a fast-growing energy crop in Sweden, was impregnated with 1–4% SO₂ and steam-pretreated for 5 min at 206°C. The pretreated willow was washed and the wash water, which contains several soluble sugars from the hemicellulose, was supplemented with fibrous pretreated willow and used for enzyme production. In addition to sugars, the liquid contains degradation products such as acetic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural, which are inhibitory for microorganisms. The results showed that 50% of the cellulose can be replaced with sugars from the wash water. The highest enzyme activity, 1.79 FPU/mL and yield, 133 FPU/g carbohydrate, was obtained at pH 6.0 using 20 g/L carbon source concentration. At lower pHs, a total lack of growth and enzyme production was observed, which probably could be explained by furfural inhibition.     

Diminished Respirative Growth and Enhanced Assimilative Sugar Uptake Result in Higher Specific Fermentation Rates by the MutantPichia stipitis FPL-061

A mutant strain ofPichia stipitis, FPL-061, was obtained by selecting for growth on L-xylose in the presence of respiratory inhibitors. The specific fermentation rate of FPL-061, was higher than that of the parent,Pichia stipitis CBS 6054, because of its lower cell yield and growth rate and higher specific substrate uptake rate. With a mixture of glucose and xylose, the mutant strain FPL-061 produced 29.4 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.42 g ethanol/g sugar consumed. By comparison, CBS 6054 produced 25.7 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.35 gJg. The fermentation was most efficient at an aeration rate of 9.2 mmoles O₂ L^-1 h^-1. At high aeration rates (22 mmoles O₂ L^-1 h^-1), the mutant cell yield was less than that of the parent. At low aeration rates, (1.1 to 2.5 O₂ L^-1 h^-1), cell yields were similar, the ethanol formation rates were low, and xylitol accumulation was observed in both the strains. Both strains respired the ethanol once sugar was exhausted. We infer from the results that the mutant, P.stipitis FPL-061, diverts a larger fraction of its metabolic energy from cell growth into ethanol production.     

DSC study of cold and heat denaturation processes of β-lactoglobulin A with guanidine hydrochloride

The cold and heat denaturations of bovine P-lactoglobulin A ((β-lg A) has been studied in solutions of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCI) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results are presented and discussed. It is shown that the number of protons bound by the monomeric molecules of β-lg A was unchanged before and after its heat denaturation below pH 3, and that the activation energy of the heat denaturation was depressed owing to the presence of GuHCI. In the solutions with 2.50 and 3.06 mol/L of GuHCI, both the cold and heat denaturations of P-lg A were observed. In comparison with the heat denaturation, the activation energy of cold denaturation was far lower and the number of GuHCl molecules bound by the unfolded polypeptide chains after culd denaturation increased a lot. The absolute value of the enthalpy of cold denaturation was larger than that of heat denaturation. It was found by the analysis that the contribution to the total denaturational enthalpy of conformational change itself of the monomeric molecules of β-lg A was the lowest among the globulins, according to the average of the number of heavy atoms. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and by the fund for excellent items under Director of the Institute of Chemistry.     

Investigations of precipitates in heat treated AgPd30/CuSn6 layers

The subject of the investigations are precipitation zones, which grew as a result of chemical diffusion in AgPd30/CuSn6 bimetals. These precipitation zones have been characterized by metallography, electron probe microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. The growth of precipitation zones in the plating layer and in the substrate layer in dependence on time have been determined. The use of x-ray diffraction alone for the identification of the precipitates could not supply satisfying results in every case. This problem was solved by the application of electron probe microanalysis using a correction method, which allows the estimation of the chemical composition of small particles.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h. c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday