On a Question of Phillips

In [5] Phillips proved that one can obtain the additive group of any nonstandard model *? of the ring ? of integers by using a linear mod 1 function h : F ?, where F is the α-dimensional vector space over ? when α is the cardinality of *?. In this connection it arises the question whether there are linear mod 1 functions which are neither addition nor quasi-linear. We prove that this is the case.     

同步荧光法测定食品中维生素B1

本文研究了食品中维生素Ｂ１的同步荧光法测定条件，采用氯化钾－乙醇作柱层析洗脱液，碱性介质中氧化后立即调为中性，并加入表面活性剂ＯＰ对体系增稳增敏，取代丁醇萃取，经济方便，用于几种粮食样品的测定，结果满意。     

Noise-assisted mound coarsening in epitaxial growth

Two types of mechanisms are proposed for mound coarsening during unstable epitaxial growth: stochastic, due to deposition noise, and deterministic, due to mass currents driven by surface energy differences. Both yield the relation H=(RWL)² between the typical mound height W, mound size L, and the film thickness H. An analysis of simulations and experimental data shows that the parameter R saturates to a value which discriminates sharply between stochastic () and deterministic () coarsening. We derive a scaling relation between the coarsening exponent 1/z and the mound-height exponent which, for a saturated mound slope, yields . Received: 11 November 1997 / Revised in final form: 28 November 1997 / Accepted: 28 November 1997     

Novel pattern formation in the collapse process of floating monolayer at the air-water interface

We have observed a remarkable two-armed spiral in the collapse process of a floating monolayer at the air-water interface by phase contrast microscopy. This demonstrates that the floating monolayer as a form of soft condensed matter reorganizes itself due to a certain kind of macroscopic or collective behavior of molecules as it collapses. This pattern formation is caused by the breakdown of a critical dynamical balance between the deformation of solid domain and the applied surface pressure. The fragility as well as the flexibility of the floating monolayer can be associated with the observed pattern growth. There are also observed interesting, periodically arranged collections of molecules in numerous collapsed regions. Received: 8 July 1997 / Accepted: 4 November 1997     

Resolution of Secondary α-Ketoalcohols Catalyzed by Lipase and Inversion of Stereochemistry

Several α-ketoalcohols of synthetic value were resolved using lipase as a catalyst. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) provided the best rate of hydrolysis and kinetic differentiation. One of these optically pure α-ketoalcohol was converted to (5)-ibuprofen in good optical purity. The stereospecific inversion of (R)-alcohol to (S)-alcohol is described.     

弱1—凸对策及其解的性质

本文提出了一类特殊的ｎ人合作对策模型─—弱１—凸对策，研究了弱１—凸对策的解的性质，并证明弱１—凸对策的解满足所有常见的公理化特征．     

A branching process model for sand avalanches

An analytically solvable model for sand avalanches of noninteracting grains of sand, based on the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, is presented. For a single avalanche, distributions of lifetimes, sizes of overflows and avalanches, and correlation functions are calculated. Some of these are exponentials, some are power laws. Spatially homogeneous distributions of avalanches are also studied. Computer simulations of avalanches of interacting grains of sand are compared to the solutions to the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. We find that within the range of parameters explored in the simulation, the approximation of noninteracting grains of sand is a good one.     

Chalcogenide based all-solid-state thin electroplated ion-selective membrane for Hg(II) flow-injection determinations

The response to Hg(II) of a thin all-solid-state Te-doped silver chalcogenide membrane, described by the general formula Ag₂ + δSe_{1 − x}Te_x, which has been electrochemically prepared following a previously proposed approach, has been investigated. The kinetics of formation of the membrane's secondary dynamic response to Hg(II) has been successfully combined with the precise timing and transient signal, typical for flow-injection (FI) measurements, in developing a sensitive and reliable mercury FI detector. Under optimized stream conditions it exhibits a linear Nernstian response, with a double slope of the calibration graph of 59 mV dec⁻¹, over the mercury(II) concentration range 10⁻⁶ − 10⁻³ M, the typical sample throughput amounting to about 70 samples per hour. The observed chemical amplification of the signal is due to the specificity of the processes dominating the initial step in formation of the steady-state signal of the membrane to mercury. The analytical performance of the Hg(II) FI detector, as regards sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity and long-term stability has been thoroughly investigated. The exact procedure for membrane electrodeposition is given and the potential of the proposed approach as a cost-effective way for preparing chalcogenides of unique structure and properties has been outlined in the above context.     

Reaction of D2 with palladium fulleride C60Pd4.9

Fullerene deuteride was obtained by the reaction of deuterium with solid palladium fulleride C₆₀Pd_4.9 under fairly mild conditions. The compound was identified by FD-MS, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies, and TLC.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 483–484, February, 1996