Experimental Study of Effect of Medium Boundary on Light Distribution in Tissue Phantoms

An experimental method for investigating the effect of medium boundary on distributions of light in the biological tissue phantom intralipid is presented. Measurements of distributions of light in intralipid-10% suspensions at 633 nm are described, in which a narrow collimated beam is incident on the surface of the phantoms and into the different depths inside of the phantoms. The experimental results show that the effect of the boundary of the medium on the curves geometry of light distributions is trivial, but the effect on intensity of scattering light is obvious, the maximal relative change of the energy fluence reaches 53.8% and the position of the peak of the energy fluence curve has a shift of 1.1 mm in the reverse direction of incident light for the phantom with albedo a=0.998, and the effect of the boundary is decreased with the increase of the absorption coefficients of tissue phantoms. The experimental results were analysed by the diffusion theory. These studies will be helpful for further understandings of the relation between the boundary of biological tissue and the distribution of light in tissue.     

铁铝催化体系催化丙烯酸丁酯聚合

研究了Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu)3-8-羟基喹啉(acac=乙酰丙酮)催化体系催化丙烯酸丁酯(BA)聚合，考察了聚合规律，用凝胶渗透色谱研究了聚合物分子量和分子量分布．动力学研究表明聚合反应对单体浓度呈一级关系，表观活化能为13．9kJ／mol．     

声诱饵仿真试验系统

文章介绍了声诱饵仿真试验系统中的有关问题，包括：系统的组成、工作原理、对接装置结构等。建立了对接装置声耦合状态下的数学模型，对近场声压分布进行了仿真计算，得出了匹配材料厚度、发射和接收换能器的选取原则。     

Specific Angular Momentum Distribution of Disc Galaxies Formed in Preheated Intergalactic Media

Assuming that baryons within a galactic halo have the same specific angular momentum as the dark matter where they locate initially and a disc forms due to the gas cooling and condensation with the conservation of angular momentum, we investigate the angular momentum distribution in a resulting galactic disc under the new preheated galaxy formation model suggested by Mo and Mao (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 333 (2002) 768).Compared with the observational results, it can be concluded that the preheated galaxy formation model can match current observations. This model can be a good approach to solve the problems of both the angular momentum catastrophe and the mismatch of angularomomentum profiles in current disc galaxy formation models.     

大口径光束波前采样器(孔栅)的研制

应用平面波角谱理论，分析了采样器对光波场采样和分光的基本原理以及对空间采样频率的选择规则，描述了实际研制的大口径采样器的结构设计，并通过数值方法和高能激光大气传输实验研究了高能激光经采样器前／后的远场光斑分布关系。结果表明：利用光束波前采样器能高保真地实现对高能激光束的分光。     

NCD系统的数学理论

无索赔折扣系统(No Claim Discount system,简记为NCD系统)是世界各国机动车辆险中广泛采用的一种经验费率厘定机制.本文尝试建立了NCD系统严谨的数学理论, 重点讨论了NCD系统的数学建模和稳态分析.此外,作为本文必要的数学前提,首先在第2节着重探讨了随机矩阵间的随机优序关系,并将所得结论运用至齐次不可约且遍历的马尔科夫链的研究中,这些内容也有其独立的数学上的兴趣.     

Quantum Games of Continuous Distributed Incomplete Information

We study two-player quantum games of incomplete information in which both the sides have partial information.The previous results of Du et al. [Phys. Rev. E 68 (2003) 016124] are incorporated in our more general formalism.Because of different roles played by the total information uncertainty and the information asymmetry, the game exhibits many interesting features.     

有限长通电螺线管空间的磁场分布

本文计算了有限长通电螺线管空间的磁感应强度分布，给出了解析表达式，并绘出了它们的空间分布图。     

浅议IP电话

 IP电话是国际互联网电话(Internetphone)的简称,又称为VOIP(voiceoverinternetprotocol,基于IP协议的语音通信),是一种借助计算机和互联网将语音信息转换和传送的新型通信方式,是计算机网络技术和语音通信技术新的综合集成应用成果。一、IP电话的发展历程早在20世纪70年代,一些有远见的科学家提出了将计算机(computer)、电话(telephone)通过某些硬件和软件集成为一体的技术,使语音和数据融为一体,并在一个终端上得以实现,但是当时由于技术上还不成熟,在实验及实际应用中未能成功。     

浅谈里德伯常数

 1.里德伯常数的由来用光谱仪分析氢放电管和某些星体的光谱,即可获得H原子光谱。瑞士科学家巴末尔长期研究原子光谱线。1884年6月25日在巴塞尔自然科学协会的演讲中,他公布了一个关于氢光谱波长规律的经验公式。同年又发表在当地的一个刊物上,1885年又刊载在《物理杂志》上,他根据实验结果得出在可见光区的氢光谱分布规律的经验公式:λ=Bn2n2-22,式中B是一常数,等于36456纳米.