一个游戏栏目中的概率问题

中央电视台第二频道有一个游戏栏目叫“购物街”,其中一个环节是若干人通过转一个“圆盘”决定胜负．把一个直径大约2米的大圆盘等分为20份,在每一份上分别标有5,10,15,……,95,100等分数（每个分数都是5的倍数）,如图．     

Inverse limits of hereditarily almost expandable class

In this paper, the hereditarily almost expandability of inverse limits is investigated, with two results obtained. Let X be the inverse limit space of an inverse system （Xα, π^αβ, ∧}. （1） Suppose X is hereditarily κ-metacompact, if each Xα is hereditarily pointwise collectionwise normal （almost θ-expandable, almost discrete θ-expandable）, then so is X; （2） Suppose X is hereditarily κ-σ-metacompact, if each Xα is hereditarily almost σ-expandable （almost discrete σ-expandable = σ-pointwise collectionwise normal）, then so is X.     

数学游戏中的德育教学案例

随着新一轮课程改革的展开,上海正在努力构建以德育为核心,以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点,以学习方式的改变为特征,以应用现代信息技术为标志的课程体系．作为自然基础学科的数学,将打破传统的教学方式,更加注重数学与实际的联系,更加注重数学的趣味性,也更加关注学生在数学学习中所表现出来的情感、态度、价值观．因此,如何在数学教学中找到德育的切入点,进行德育渗透,是值得教育工作者研究和思考的．     

Universal Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Against Collective Noise

we present a robust and universal quantum secret sharing protocol with four-qubit decoherence-free (DF) states against collective noise. The transmission's safety is ensured by the nonorthogonality of the noiseless states traveling on the quantum channel. Although this scheme uses entangled states for encoding, only single-particle product measurements are required.     

借游戏情境之桥，行单元复习之路——以“不等式与不等式组”单元整体复习课为例

文章以“不等式与不等式组”单元整体复习课为例,详细介绍了单元整体复习课教学的具体实施策略及设计思考,畅谈如何借游戏情境之桥,行单元复习之路,以实现高效复习.     

中学化学教育游戏在中国大陆的设计研究进展

通过整理和分析中国期刊网全文数据库（CNKI）和国内教育游戏资源,笔者阐述了“娱教类”和“信息技术类”化学教育游戏在中国大陆的开发状况,重点介绍了华南师大化学教学与资源研究所开发的化学扑克牌游戏及此类游戏发展趋势。     

游戏教学在国内化学教学中的应用述评

游戏教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣,创设轻松、愉快的学习情境,提高学生的学习能力。国内主要通过运用“趣味实验”、“自制教具”、“情景活动”和“电脑游戏”进行化学游戏教学。介绍了游戏教学在国内化学教学的应用现状,同时对未来的研究进行展望,以期对化学游戏教学的研究起抛砖引玉的作用。     

核子与核力决定的核形状(英文)

讨论了最近提出的作为量子多体系统重要潜在机制之一的量子自组织,原子核无疑是最好的实例。由于原子核内核子的单粒子和集体运动共存,它们的相互制约决定了核结构。集体模式因其驱动力,如使椭球形变的四极力及其阻力达到平衡形成,而单粒子能量就是产生阻力的一种根源。当存在较大单粒子能隙时,相关的集体运动更易受到阻碍。因此,一般认为,单粒子运动和集体运动是相互对抗的"天敌"。然而,由于核力的多样和复杂性,单极相互作用使单粒子能量改变也能减小其对集体运动的阻碍而加强集体模式,该现象将通过Zr同位素实例加以说明。这就导致了量子自组织的产生:单粒子能量由两种量子液体（质子和中子）和控制阻力的单极相互作用自组织。于是,不同于朗道费米液体理论的结论,原子核不一定像填装了自由核子的刚性瓶。Ⅱ型壳演化即是包含跨准幻壳能隙激发的直观实例。在重核中,量子自组织因其轨道和核子数更多而更为重要。We discuss the quantum self-organization introduced recently as one of the major underlying mechanisms of the quantum many-body systems. Atomic nuclei are actually a good example, because two types of the motion of nucleons, single-particle states and collective modes, interplay in determining their structure. The collective mode appears as a consequence of the balance between the effect of the mode-driving force (e.g., quadrupole force for the ellipsoidal deformation) and the resistance power against it. The single-particle energies are one of the sources to bring about such resistance power:a coherent collective motion is more hindered by larger spacings between relevant single particle states. Thus, the single-particle state and the collective mode are "enemies" against each other in the usual understanding. However, the nuclear forces are rich and complicated enough so as to enhance relevant collective mode by reducing the resistance power by changing single-particle energies for each eigenstate through monopole interactions. This will be demonstrated with the concrete example taken from Zr isotopes. In this way, the quantum self-organization occurs:single-particle energies can be self-organized by (i) two quantum liquids, e.g., protons and neutrons, (ii) monopole interaction (to control resistance). Thus, atomic nuclei are not necessarily like simple rigid vases containing almost free nucleons, in contrast to the naïve Fermi liquid picture a la Landau. Type Ⅱ shell evolution is considered to be a simple visible case involving excitations across a (sub)magic gap. The quantum self-organization becomes more important in heavier nuclei where the number of active orbits and the number of active nucleons are larger.     

冷原子系综内单集体激发态的相干操纵

原子系综内部分原子发生相干态转移后所处量子态被称为集体激发态.如果激发数目在单原子量级则被称为单激发态.在量子存储过程中,单光子以单激发态的形式在原子系综内进行存储.因此,研究单激发态的制备、演化、转化、干涉等过程是量子存储及其应用研究的关键.本文总结了近年来作者所在研究团队针对冷原子系综体系在此研究方向取得的若干成果.主要包括采用动量模式调控、三维光晶格等手段抑制单激发态的退相干,采用环形腔增强原子至光子的转化效率,发展基于拉曼光的单激发态相干转移技术,利用单量子态不同模式间干涉制备光与原子纠缠,利用里德伯阻塞机制提升纠缠制备效率等.此外,简要回顾了基于多个单激发态的量子中继及量子网络实验.