Research on sound velocity measurement in a laboratory for large elastic materials

A measurement scheme carried out in a tank is designed to obtain the compressionaland shear-wave velocities of a large elastic material.A hydrophone is used to receive the high frequency acoustic signals which penetrate the tested material,in order to determine the transmission time from the source to the hydrophone,the transmission time is also calculated according to the ray acoustic theory in layered media.A cost function is built based on the measured and the calculated transmission time,then the compressional- and shear-wave velocities can be obtained using the optimization algorithm.Compared with the traditional measurement scheme,this approach can not only get the 2 kinds of sound velocities in the tested material at the same time,but also keep the integrality of the tested material.With the proposed measurement system,the uncertainty of measurement results is less than 3.5%.     

基于阵列式静电传感器的自相关颗粒速度测量

对用于气固两相流颗粒速度测量的阵列式静电传感器输出信号进行自相关分析,获得了自相关谱线中渡越时间与颗粒速度的关系,并在重力输送实验台和浓相气力输送装置进行了实验验证,最后分析了采样频率对速度测量结果的影响.理论与实验结果表明:静电信号自相关函数的渡越时间与颗粒速度成线性关系,在合理选择采样频率的前提下可准确获得颗粒流动平均速度。     

变倾角柱锥体喷动床颗粒流速与浓度分布特性

在一喷动床实验装置上,通过CCD拍摄了锥体倾角为60°、45°、30°时,颗粒在喷动床内的流型。采用图像法测速技术,研究了在三种流型条件下,床内颗粒的垂直速度变化趋势、水平速度变化趋势。采用浓度谱成像技术,研究了喷动床锥体倾角在60°、45°、30°条件下,喷动床内颗粒的浓度分布特性。通过以上研究发现,对于本装置,当锥体倾角为60°时,颗粒的速度分布和浓度分布特性最佳。     

基于群波时差信息的地下震动目标定位方法

针对现代战争技术中地下炸点三维定位难,精度低的问题,本文提出了一种改进粒子群算法,并利用其解决群波时差地下震动目标定位的问题。该算法克服了粒子群算法本身种群数量和和质量的选择、后期容易陷入局部最优的问题。通过结合直达P波优势频率的相位差特点,利用群波时差测量信息进行定位计算,以提高定位结果的精确度。目标定位的测试结果表明,新算法在20m*20m的区域内,该方法能有效地提高目标定位精度,加入的随机噪声干扰方差的条件下,定位误差不超过10cm,且收敛速度增快,性能稳定。     

铅球飞行距离的分析

本文从物理学的角度出发,分析了运动员在实际推铅球的过程中影响铅球飞行距离的各种要素.结合实际情况通过物理公式来计算铅球飞行距离并进行综合分析.实验证实影响铅球飞行距离的3个要素是出手角度、出手速度和出手高度,并分析了这3个要素之间的关系和各个单变量对铅球飞行距离的影响状况.分析结果显示,3个因素中出手速度对飞行距离的影响最大,其次是出手角度,出手高度影响程度最小;且最佳出手角度不是一个特定的数值而是一个大体范围.     

Cellular automata model for traffic flow with safe driving conditions

In this paper, a recently introduced cellular automata （CA） model is used for a statistical analysis of the inner micro-scopic structure of synchronized traffic flow. The analysis focuses on the formation and dissolution of clusters or platoons of vehicles, as the mechanism that causes the presence of this synchronized traffic state with a high flow. This platoon formation is one of the most interesting phenomena observed in traffic flows and plays an important role both in manual and automated highway systems （AHS）. Simulation results, obtained from a single-lane system under periodic boundary conditions indicate that in the density region where the synchronized state is observed, most vehicles travel together in pla- toons with approximately the same speed and small spatial distances. The examination of velocity variations and individual vehicle gaps shows that the flow corresponding to the synchronized state is stable, safe and highly correlated. Moreover, results indicate that the observed platoon formation in real traffic is reproduced in simulations by the relation between vehicle headway and velocity that is embedded in the dynamics definition of the CA model.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-droplet impact process on hydrophobic surfaces

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the dynamic processes of a nano-droplet impacting on hydrophobic surfaces at a microscopic level. Both the impact phenomena and the velocity distributions are recorded and analyzed. According to the simulation results, similar phenomena are obtained to those in macro-experiments. Impact velocity affects the spread process to a greater degree than at a level of contact angle when the velocity is relatively high. The velocity distribution along the X axis during spread is wave-like, either W- or M-shaped, and the velocity at each point is oscillatory; while the edges have the highest spread velocity and there are crests in the distribution curve which shift toward the edges over time. The distribution along the Y axis is 〈- or 〉-shaped, and the segments above the middle have the lowest decrease rate in the spreading process and the highest increase rate in the retraction process.     

更正:C60轰击石墨烯的瞬间动力学[物理学报2014,63,083401]

<正>《物理学报》2014年第63卷第8期第083401页《C60轰击石墨烯的瞬间动力学》一文中,因作者疏忽导致在速度换算方面出现错误,涉及到文章中所有换算过的速度和相关的描述图,特此更正,并诚挚向读者致歉.期刊网上此文的电子版已做相应更正.更正1对于正文中所涉及的速度参数和部分图表(包括图2,3,5和6)中所标示的速度参数都需要增加1个数量级,如0.5 km/s更正为5.0 km/s,1.0 km/s更正为10.0 km/s,1.5 km/s更正为15.0 km/s,2.0km/s更正为20.0 km/s等,以此类推.     

基于分块速度域改进迭代运动目标检测算法的红外弱小目标检测

提出一种基于分块速度域的迭代红外运动目标检测算法来解决传统算法计算量巨大这一难题.首先,采用二维最小均方差滤波器对红外序列图像进行滤波,获得包含弱小目标以及残差的红外序列图像.然后,通过在序列图像块的速度域上应用改进的迭代运动目标检测算法进行能量累积,从而将弱小目标的运动速度在速度域进行累积增强,达到检测弱小运动目标的目的.最后在解算出的速度值附近进行搜索,得到弱小目标运动的精确速度.利用此速度进行空域能量累积,得到叠加图像,在此图上进行目标检测.与传统方法相比较,几组实验结果显示,本文提出的方法大大缩短了检测的时间,而且本文方法的检测效果也较好.     

LiF单晶的高压折射率及窗口速度的修正

通过平板撞击实验,采用激光干涉测试技术,研究了1 550nm波长下LiF单晶的高压折射率与窗口速度的修正关系,实验压力范围为38~124GPa,拓展了现有1 550nm波长下LiF单晶的高压折射率数据,给出了124GPa压力范围内1 550nm波长下LiF窗口速度的线性修正方程。研究结果可为分析冲击压缩实验中通过加窗激光多普勒探针测试技术获得的样品界面速度的数据提供参考。