互相关DPIV亚像素匹配方法研究

使用传统互相关法对DPIV粒子图像进行粗匹配,取得整像素匹配结果,在此基础上开展亚像素定位方法研究.将最小二乘匹配法应用到DPIV技术中,获得比经典的高斯曲面、二次多项式拟合法更高的估算精度,弱化算法对粗匹配相关测度的依赖性.通过控制初始位置和匹配精度降低最小二乘算法的时间开销.标准图像仿真实验以及在氧化沟模型实验中的成功应用,验证了最小二乘匹配法在DPIV技术中的有效性和可靠性.     

水下圆柱壳体固有频率的近似计算分析

水下发射导弹在出、入水以及水下运行过程中,由于流体、水动力以及运动速度的影响,产生附加质量和轴向荷载作用,影响结构振动频率.本文针对水下高速运动结构,给出了流体影响、轴向荷载分别作用以及二者同时作用下,结构频率的固有频率计算方法;并从理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究三个方面对水下的结构的固有频率进行了分析和研究.近似计算表明计算结果具有较好的一致性,而且由于流体和轴向荷载的影响,结构的固有频率有明显下降的趋势,而且对低阶频率影响较大.     

可控旋转离散杆空间运动分析

基于理想爆轰假设和刚体运动学原理,建立了可控旋转离散杆空间运动模型。对不同尺寸、斜角的杆条进行空间运动状态分析,并和试验结果进行比较,结果表明该模型能较好地描述可控旋转离散杆空间运动状态,为可控旋转离散杆战斗部的设计提供参考。     

结构参数对捷联惯导系统静态圆锥运动的影响

以采用整体隔振措施的配重式三轴机抖激光陀螺捷联惯导系统为研究对象,利用数值仿真方法,重点讨论了惯导系统的静不平衡、动不平衡、转动惯量以及隔振器刚度和阻尼对静态环境条件下由于陀螺抖动机构的不平衡引起的圆锥运动（细分为三类）的影响规律。研究认为,惯导系统的静平衡性和动平衡性只影响第三类圆锥运动,对一二类圆锥运动的影响甚微;惯导系统转动惯量的增大将会使圆锥运动减小;系统隔振频率越靠近陀螺抖动频率,圆锥运动越强烈;系统隔振器阻尼对圆锥运动的影响较小。研究成果可为机抖激光捷联惯导系统的结构设计及圆锥误差的事前控制提供理论指导。     

AUV组合导航系统信息匹配的可观测度

针对自主水下潜器（AUV）导航的特点和需求,设计了一种捷联惯导／多普勒／磁罗经／地形匹配组合导航系统（SINS／DVL／MCP／TAN）,同时对AUV组合导航的两种信息匹配方式进行了基于动态系统奇异值分解的可观测度研究以评估该组合导航的Kalman滤波的估计能力。可观测度研究结果说明该组合导航能显著提高AUV的航向角误差和位置误差的可观测度,从而可以提高AUV的航向和位置精度。Kalman滤波的仿真结果验证了该结论的正确性,表明了该细合导航系统的Kalman滤波的估计能力强,能够得到较高精度的位置、速度和姿态信息,可以满足AUV长时间远距离导航的需要。     

Higher-Order Lagrangian Equations of Higher-Order Motive Mechanical System

In this paper, if the condition of variation δt=0 is satisfied, the higher-order Lagrangian equations and higher-order Hamilton's equations, which show the consistency with the results of traditional analytical mechanics, are obtained from the higher-order Lagrangian equations and higher-order Hamilton's equations. The results can enrich the theory of analytical mechanics.     

Mei Symmetries and Lie Symmetries for Nonholonomic Controllable Mechanical Systems with Relativistic Rotational Variable Mass

The Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with relativistic rotational variable mass are studied. The differential equations of motion of the systems are established. The definition and criterion of the Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries of the system are studied respectively. The necessary and sufficient condition under which the Mei symmetry is Lie symmetry is given. The condition under which the Mei symmetries can be led to a new kind of conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Deformation and Motion of a Red Blood Cell in a Shear Flow Simulated by a Lattice Boltzmann Model

A lattice Boltzmann model is presented to simulate the deformation and motions of a red blood cell (RBC) in a shear flow. The curvatures of the membrane of a static RBC with different chemical potential drops calculated by our model agree with those computed by a shooting method very well. Our simulation results show that in a shear flow, a biconcave RBC becomes highly flattened and undergoes tank-treading motion. With intrinsically parallel dynamics, this lattice Boltzmann method is expected to find wide applications to both single and multi-vesicles suspension as well as complex open membranes in various fluid flows for a wide range of Reynolds numbers.     

多关节人体上肢运动的优化轨迹预测

研究了手端无约束条件下,多关节人体上肢点到点运动优化轨迹的预测. 首先建立了多关节上肢平面运动的动力学模型,根据最小功准则提出优化目标函数,将上肢点到点运动的优化轨迹求解问题转化为两点边值问题,设计了寻优的迭代算法,求得了上肢运动的优化轨迹与相应的速度变化曲线. 仿真结果表明: 平衡点位置或关节力矩平滑地变化,避免了肢体出现急加速-急减速的运动形式,减少了肢体运动时的能量消耗;手端的运动轨迹为近似直线,速度为单峰的钟形曲线,这与上肢优化运动的特征相吻合,也表明最小功准则可以有效预测多关节上肢运动的优化轨迹.      

Dynamic behaviour of axially moving nanobeams based on nonlocal elasticity approach

In this article, transverse free vibrations of axially moving nanobeams subjected to axial tension are studied based on nonlocal stress elasticity theory. A new higher-order differential equation of motion is derived from the variational principle with corresponding higher-order, non-classical boundary conditions. Two supporting conditions are investigated, i.e. simple supports and clamped supports. Effects of nonlocal nanoscale, dimensionless axial velocity, density and axial tension on natural frequencies are presented and discussed through numerical examples. It is found that these factors have great influence on the dynamic behaviour of an axially moving nanobeam. In particular, the nonlocal effect tends to induce higher vibration frequencies as compared to the results obtained from classical vibration theory. Analytical solutions for critical velocity of these nanobeams when the frequency vanishes are also derived and the influences of nonlocal nanoscale and axial tension on the critical velocity are discussed.