3,6-和2,7-咔唑衍生物单光子和双光子吸收性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法以及ZINDO/SDCI方法计算3,6-和2,7-咔唑衍生物的分子平衡几何结构、电子结构及单光子和双光子吸收性质.乙烯基吡啶取代基的位置影响分子的单光子和双光子吸收性质.与3,6-咔唑衍生物相比,2,7-咔唑衍生物的单光子吸收波长红移,振子强度增大;双光子吸收波长红移,双光子吸收截面增加.结果表明,2,7-咔唑衍生物是更好的双光子吸收材料.     

铁苯基膦配合物均相催化乙酰丙酸乙酯与甲酸反应转化为γ-戊内酯的分子机制

本文基于密度泛函理论,计算了Fe(CF3SO3)2/PP3催化乙酰丙酸乙酯与甲酸反应转化为γ-戊内酯的反应机理。分析了单重态和三重态反应路径的热力学和动力学性质,结果表明除了预催化剂活化出现势能面交叉外,反应主要在三重态势能面上进行,包括以下几个步骤：甲酸盐配位方式重置,β-H消除得到活性催化剂[FeH(PP3)]+,接着乙酰丙酸乙酯的羰基碳和羰基氧接连被质子化得到中间体4-羟基戊酸乙酯,最后质子化的反离子CF3SO3H作为氢转移梭子协助分子内脱醇—关环生成目标产物γ-戊内酯。进一步探讨不同金属苯基膦配合物的催化活性,证实金属适宜的配位能力是筛选催化剂的关键。理论计算结果为优化设计高性能的生物质转化催化剂提供一定的理论指导。     

傅种孙——中国现代数学教育的先驱

1 引子 很高兴来到澳门,与澳门大学教育学院的学生——未来的中学数学教师们见面.黄博士拟定的题目——北京师范大学与中学数学教育太大,我有些不敢讲.另一方面,我是个数学老师,没读过太多教育学和心理学的理论,也不大敢在诸位数学教育家面前班门弄斧,所以,就决定给同学们讲几件事,介绍一个人.     

钼硫碘纳米线结构特性和化学改性的理论研究

 采用第一性原理密度泛函理论研究了纳米线结构的钼硫碘材料. 结构的理论模拟结果显示, 钼硫碘纳米线机械性能很高, 且其形变过程中显示出一种特殊的磁滞现象. 形成能、投影态密度以及电荷密度的计算结果显示, 使用电负性接近硫的碳元素可对钼硫碘纳米线化学改性同时不失去其良好的结构性能和电子性能. 该结果为化学改性钼硫碘纳米线材料应用于催化提供了依据. 这些钼硫碘纳米线材料将在纳米电子学、纳米机械学、催化、纳米限域等研究中有潜在应用.     

Theoretical Study of Small Water Clusters of Sulfur Dioxide

The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2(H2O)n (n = 2～5), are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets (6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ). The equilibrium geometries, intermolecular binding energies, and anharmonic frequencies of the clusters are calculated and compared with those of pure water clusters and available experiments. SO2 tends to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes with two or three water molecules. In the larger clusters, however, water molecules begin to retain the structure of pure water clusters and segregate from SO2. Infrared absorption assignments for the small clusters are discussed to resolve a possible incorrect assignment in a recent spectroscopic experiment on the clusters.     

Theoretical Study on the Adsorption and Decomposition of Methanol over the Pt-Mo（111）/C Surface

The density functional theory(DFT) and self-consistent periodic calculation were used to investigate the methanol adsorption on the Pt-Mo(111)/C surface.The adsorption energies,equilibrium geometries and vibration frequencies of CH3OH on nine types of sites on the Pt-Mo(111)/C surface were predicted and the favorite adsorption site for methanol is the top-Pt site.Both sites of valence and conduction bands of doped system have been broadened,which are favorable for electrons to transfer to the cavity.The possible decomposition pathway was investigated with transition state searching and the calculation results indicate that the O-H bond is first broken,and then the methanol decomposes into methoxy.The activation barrier of O-H bond breaking with Pt-Mo catalyst is only 104.8 kJ mol-1,showing that carbon supported Pt-Mo alloys have promoted the decomposition of methanol.Comparing with the adsorption energies of CH3OH on the Pt(111)/C surface and that of CO,the adsorption energies of CO are higher,and Pt(111)/C is liable to be oxidized and loses the activity,which suggests that the catalyst Pt-Mo(111)/C is in favor of decomposing methanol and has better anti-poisoning ability than Pt(111)/C.     

An ab initio Study on the Structural and Bonding Properties of Li_2Si_3O_7

A theoretical study on the structural and electronic properties of Li2Si3O7 is performed by using density functional theory(DFT) method.The molecular structure of the crystal and two kinds of [SiO4]-tetrahedra with different number of non-bridging oxygen(Qn) are analyzed.The structure of crystal Li2Si3O7 can be considered as a framework of corner-sharing tetrahedra.From the band structure(BS),total density of state(TDOS) and projected density of state(PDOS) of the crystal,the structures of Q3,Q4,and LiO4 tetrahedra as well as their bonding characters are presented.For lithium trisilicate,we find the bond cation-NBO(nonbridging oxygen and oxygen atoms bonding to one silicon atom only) is stronger than the bond cation-BO(bridging oxygen and oxygen atoms bonding to two silicon atoms).By analyzing the ionicity of two different types of bonds of silicon-oxygen according to the Mulliken population analysis,we also find that the Si-NBO bonds have higher ionicity than Si-BO for crystalline lithium trisilicate,which agrees with other lithium silicates.     

DFT Study on the Correlation between Thermodynamical Property and Molecular Structure of Polybromo-phenoxathiin

Complete optimization was conducted for 136 polybromo-phenoxathiin congeners(PBPTs) on the B3LYP/6-31G* level with Gaussian 03 program.The structural parameters and thermodynamical parameters of each molecule were obtained under the standard state of 298.15 K and 1.013×105 Pa.Reverse linear regression was employed to establish the quantitative structure-property correlation models between heat capacity at constant volume(CVθ),entropy(Sθ),standard heat of formation(△fHθ) and standard free energy of formation(△fGθ) of PBPTs and the structural parameters(the most negative atomic charge(q-) and molecular average polarizability(α)).These models presented better correlations(r20.97).And they were validated by variance inflation factor(VIF) and t-test,which can better explain the regularity of thermodynamical property of PBPTs,and has good stability and great prediction ability.     

N—O键解离焓的密度泛函理论研究

在高精度计算方法G3和G3B3的基础上,比较了密度泛函理论(DFT)十几种方法对N—O键解离焓(BDE)相对于实验值的计算精度,发现用B3P86方法计算15种化合物N—O键的BDE,均方根误差最小,仅为6.36kJ·mol-1,计算值与实验值的线性相关系数为0.991.在此基础上,用该方法分别计算了非芳香化合物及芳香化合物的N—O键BDE.通过自然键轨道分析,发现部分N—O键的BDE与N—O键的键长、原子电荷密度及键级之间存在定量关系.此外,在B3P86方法的基础上预测了几种典型的杂环芳香化合物N—O键BDE值.     

Ge_nEu(n=1-13)团簇的结构、电子及磁性质(英文)

利用密度泛函理论在广义梯度近似下研究了GenEu(n=1-13)团簇的生长模式和磁性.结果表明:对于GenEu(n=1-13)团簇的基态结构而言,没有Eu原子陷入笼中.这和SinEu以及其它过渡金属掺杂半导体团簇的生长模式不同.除GeEu团簇外,GenEu(n=2-13)团簇的磁矩均为7μB.团簇的总磁矩与Eu原子的4f轨道磁矩基本相等.Ge、Eu原子间的电荷转移以及Eu原子的5d、6p和6s间的轨道杂化可以增强Eu原子的局域磁矩,却不能增强团簇总磁矩.