极紫外、软X-射线变线距平面光栅单色仪的研究

高性能极紫外、软X射线单色仪的研制对高亮度同步辐射光源的应用具有十分重要的意义。对Itou的变线距平面光栅单色仪作了详细的分析研究,发现它的光栅工作曲线几乎与单色仪的入、出射臂长度等参量无关,仅取决于单色仪设计的边界条件。其曲线方程和SX-700单色仪的完全类似。该单色仪不仅具有很好的光栅效率和高级次谐波抑制性能,而且有利于几条光束线共享一个电子储存环窗口的光路优化设计。     

Emission enhancement in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glasses and their use as a 2.7-μm laser material

Emission enhancement at 2.7 μm is observed in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋--codoped germanate glasses when pumped by a 980-nm laser diode. Significant reductions in 1.5-μm emission and upeonversion intensity indicate efficient energy transfer between Er^3＋ and Pr^3＋; the energy transfer efficiency is as high as 77.4%. The mechanisms of energy transfer are discussed in detail. The calculated emission cross-section of Er^3＋/Pr^3＋- codoped germanate glass is 8.44× 10 ^-21 cm^2, which suggests that Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glass can be used to achieve efficient 2.7-μm emission.     

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.     

Efficiency and droop improvement in a blue InGaN-based light emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers

The advantages of a blue InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers is studied. The carrier concentration in the quantum well, radiative recombination rate in the active region, output power, and internal quantum efficiency are investigated. The simulation results show that the InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the barriers has better performance over its conventional counterpart and the light emitting diode with p-GaN inserted in the barriers. The improvement is due to enhanced Mg acceptor activation and enhanced hole injection into the quantum wells.     

驻波情形的液体声光效应的理论与实验研究

模拟计算了液体声光衍射的贝塞尔函数,测量了不同质量分数NaCl溶液对激光的衍射效率和不同温度纯水对激光衍射的相对光强比,计算了不同质量分数NaCl溶液的声光相位延迟、声致折射率变化量幅值.结果表明:随着NaCl溶液质量分数的增加,声光衍射效率、相对光强比、声致折射率变化量幅值均不同程度下降,而温度对纯水的相对光强比影响很小.     

一种基于效率矩阵的网络节点重要度评价算法

为了实现对网络节点重要性的有效评价,提出一种基于网络效率矩阵的节点重要度评价算法.该方法综合考虑节点的度值(局部重要度)和网络节点之间的重要性贡献(全局重要度),利用节点的度和效率矩阵表征网络节点的重要度贡献,克服重要性贡献矩阵法中节点只依赖于邻接节点的不足.考虑实际网络的稀疏性,该算法的时间复杂度为O(n²).通过算例分析验证了该算法的可行性和有效性,结果表明:该算法能够更加直观、简单有效地区分节点的重要度差异,并且对于大型复杂网络具有较理想的计算能力.     

硅太阳电池表面多孔硅的制备与作用

利用电化学方法在硅太阳能电池的金字塔上面刻蚀一层多孔硅,研究多孔硅对硅表面反射率、光电转换量子效率的影响以及氧化对不同波长的光电转换量子效率的影响。研究发现氢氟酸浓度对反射率没有明显的影响,而电化学反应时间可以调制反射率最低波长点,最终获得综合反射率低至2%的优质减反效果。多孔硅的存在使得300～500 nm的光电转换量子效率降低,500 nm以上长波的光电转换量子效率增加。氧气氛围中的快速退火能够有效降低少数载流子的表面复合,从而增加短波段的光电转换量子效率。     

荧光染料掺杂的高效率、高亮度白色有机电致发光器件

制备了结构为 ITO/NPB（30 nm）/Rubrene（0.2 nm）/CBP：Bczvbi（8 nm,x%）/Bphen（30 nm）/Cs₂CO₃：Ag₂O（2 nm,20%）/Al（100 nm）的器件。研究了Bczvbi掺杂浓度（x=5,10,15）对白光器件性能的影响。综合利用发光层中主客体之间的能量转移和空穴阻挡层的空穴阻挡特性,得到了高效率、高亮度的白色有机电致发光器件。当Bczvbi的掺杂质量分数为10%时,器件的效率和亮度都为最大。驱动电压为7 V时,最大电流效率为4.61 cd/A;驱动电压为9 V时,最大亮度为21 240 cd/m²。当驱动电压从4 V增加到9 V时,色坐标从（0.36,0.38）变化为（0.27,0.29）,均处于白光区域。     

大学热学的解题方法剖析

按对卓越教师的要求,以热学为例,总结了建模法、求导法、积分法、图解法、近似计算法、类比法、反证法等几种常用的解题方法,使学生在掌握知识的同时,提高思维创新能力,产生希望学习更多知识的欲望.     

半导体温差发电装置的性能研究

温差发电是一种绿色环保的发电技术, 它可以直接将热能转化为电能. 该技术具有体积小、 重量轻、 移 动方便和可靠性高等特点. 它可以利用太阳能、 地热能、 海洋温差、 余热和废热等热能进行能量的转换. 作为一种替 代选择, 温差发电技术具有巨大的潜力和良好的发展前景