水在密度测量中的妙用

在一些测量密度的实验题目中,在所给的器材中常会出现水.实际上这类题目能否顺利解决的关键,就是能否将水巧妙地用到实验中来,帮助我们解决遇到的困难.下面介绍几个用水帮助完成密度测量的实验题.     

An Estimation for the Power-Law Distribution Parameter Based on Entropy

A new estimation based on the Shannon entropy for the power-law distribution parameter is presented, The maximum likelihood estimation （MLE） of the parameter is discussed and the relation between the MLE and the moment estimation of the parameter is given out. It is shown that the minimum Shannon entropy estimation is equivalent to the MLE giving the log expectation.     

Fission Barrier for ^240Pu in the Quadrupole Constrained Relativistic Mean Field Approach

The fission barrier for ^240pu is investigated beyond the second saddle point in the potentiM energy surface by the constrained relativistic mean field method with the newly proposed parameter set PK1. The microscopic correction for the centre-of-mass motion is essentiM to provide the correct potential energy surface. The shell effects that stabilize the nuclei against the fission is also investigated by the Strutinsky method. The shapes for the ground state, fission isomer and saddle-points, etc, are studied in detail.     

新超导体MgCNi3的虚晶掺杂研究

用全势线性缀加平面波方法,考虑局域自旋密度近似研究虚晶掺杂MgCNi3的超导电性和磁性.计算了自旋极化能带结构、体弹性模量和它对压力的导数、原子磁矩 m 及其变化率.计算结果表明,对于电子掺杂的Mg1-xAlxCNi3(0≤x≤0.5), 超导电性和磁涨落随掺杂量的增加逐渐减小.空穴掺杂的Mg1-xNaxCNi3,在x＝0.12处出现铁磁相变,超导电性消失.在MgCNi3少量空穴掺杂区域(0≤x<0.12),表现为超导与磁涨落共存的不稳定状态.     

The Second Law of Thermodynamic in Quantum System

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that： 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world.     

树映射的分布混沌

设T是个有限树,f是T上的连续映射．证明了f是分布混沌的当且仅当它的拓扑熵是正数．一些已知结论得到了改进．     

CuX(X=Al, Ga, In)分子的势能函数与稳定性的密度泛函研究

根据原子分子反应静力学原理导出了CuX(X=Al,Ga,In) 分子基态电子状态及其离解极限,并在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上计算了平衡几何、振动频率和解离能.利用Murrell-Sorbie 函数拟合出了解析势能函数,并计算出光谱参数和力常数.计算结果表明该分子体系是稳定存在的,其稳定性排序为 CuAl＞CuGa＞CuIn.     

激发态Cs原子间碰撞能量转移截面

在Cs蒸气密度为1013?cm-3量级范围内,研究了6P3/2+6P3/2→6DJ+6S碰撞能量合并过程.利用单模半导体激光器共振激发6P3/2态,利用另一与泵浦激光束反向平行的单模激光束作为吸收线探测激发态原子密度及其空间分布,吸收线调至6P3/2→8S1/2跃迁,并可平行于泵浦激光束移动.由激发态原子密度和谱线的荧光强度比得到碰撞能量合并的截面.碰撞转移到6D5/2和6D3/2的截面分别是(4.1±1.8)×10-15和(2.2±1.0)×10-15?cm2.与其它实验结果进行了比较.     

新型密度秤

学习了密度知识，我们知道密度等于质量与体积的比值．根据这一原理，我们制作了液体密度秤，它与实验室的密度计相比，有许多优点：不分轻重表，刻度均匀，可测少量（100ml）液体的密度．下面介绍这种密度秤的原理、制作及使用方法．     

理想微裂纹系统中的随机扩展效应

本文讨论了在理想微裂纹系统中,由于微裂纹的随机性扩展,对微裂纹统计演化产生的效应。文中提供了一般的理论框架,给出了便于处理的转移概率的表达式。最后,用数值计算的例子展示了随机模型的统计演化特征,并比较了与确定性扩展模型下统计演化的异同。