Alternating-current losses in two-layer superconducting cables consisting of second-generation superconductors coated by U-shaped ferromagnetic materials

Alternating-current losses in a two-layer superconducting cable, each layer being composed of 15 closely-spaced rectangular wires made up of second-generation superconductors when the ends of wires are coated by either a non-magnetic or strong ferromagnetic material having a U profile is numerically investigated. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method. The alternating-current losses do not increase significantly if the relative permeability of the coating is increased three orders of magnitude, provided that the current amplitude is less than half of the critical current in a superconducting wire. However, the losses are much higher for ferromagnetic coating if the amplitude of the applied current oscillating at 50 Hz is close to the critical current. The ferromagnetic coating is seen to accumulate the magnetic field lines normally on its surfaces, while the field lines are parallel to the long axes of the wires, leading to more significant flux penetration in the coated regions. This facilitates a uniform low-loss current flow in the uncoated regions of the wires. In contrast, coating with a non-magnetic material gives rise to a considerably smaller current flow in the uncoated regions, whereas the low-loss flow is maintained in the coated regions. Moreover, the current flows in opposite directions in the coated and uncoated regions, where the direction in each region is converse for the two materials.     

一种自组装的长程有序纳米模式

根据Moore定律,微处理器的能力可以按指数方式快速提高,数据存储能力的提高也以相似的方式增长,所以这已经成为进一步提高光刻技术的关键点.尖端光刻技术已经允许器件的特征长度可以比用来制作它们的光波波长还要短.例如,相干效应可被用于具有超紫外光线特性的50nm模式上[1].但是想要继续在成本与效益方面有所改善,可能性很小,所以Moore定律与光刻技术将会不可避免地分道扬镳.     

万有引力定律的应用——2011年中国航天专题复习课的课堂分析

1课堂设计背景 本节专题复习课的设计与开设，主要基于以下三个思考：     

丑小鸭的故事

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彰显孪生题中的比较思维

从繁杂的物理情景和物理过程中思辨"同中求异"、"异中求同",就是物理比较思维.物理比较思维能力被认为是创造性思维能力的基础,培养和发展学生创新思维能力是新课标提出的新理念.比较是在头脑中确定事物共同点与不同点的思维过程,有比较才有鉴别.通过比较,使被比事物本质特征更加清晰,从而确切认识它们的区别和联系.     

第二个重要极限存在性证明的新方法

本文通过分析第二个重要极限现存的两类典型证明方法,进而提出一种借助本文中证明的一个不等式,得到第二个重要极限存在性证明的新方法.     

人们看到水中鱼的一些特点

人站在岸上看水中的鱼,由于光的折射,看到的是鱼的"像"的位置.文中对此问题作了初步论述,有些问题尚未讲清楚.类似的文章我们收到了不止一两篇,可见这是当前教学中颇受关注,且没有共识的问题.这个问题在上世纪80年代的刊物上曾有过很好的讨论.时过境迁,新一代的人不知道这是曾发生过的事;更重要的是讨论结果没有在我们的教科书中得到应有反映,教科书(包括国外的)依然故我,讲述依然片面,图示依然错误.教科书上讲的、画的是平面的、定点的,与人们实际看到的不相吻合.缘此,现在的问题得以形成.看来有必要再讨论,这也是再发表这篇文章的目的.欢迎广大读者作者来稿,推动这一讨论向纵深发展!