Morphology Evolution of Poly（vinylidene fluoride） Membranes during Supercritical CO2 Assisted Phase Inversion

A supercritical carbon dioxide（Sc CO2） assisted phase inversion was developed to produce microporous poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） membranes whose morphology characteristics arise from both liquid-liquid demixing and solid-liquid demixing（crystallization）. This result was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, from which both α and β crystals were found. As revealed by contact angle experiment, the PVDF membranes prepared via Sc CO2 assisted phase inversion were more hydrophobic compared with the control membrane produced via conventional immersionprecipitation technique. In particular, the sample with 15 wt% PVDF prepared at 45 °C and 13 MPa exhibited a contact angle of 142°, which was mainly caused by the multilevel micro- and nano- structure. The effects of polyethylene glycol（PEG）, polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP） and lithium chloride（Li Cl） on the structures and crystal form were investigated. PVP promoted the formation of β phase crystal form, while PEG boosts the evolution of α phase. Li Cl restrained the crystallization degree of PVDF membrane under Sc CO2.     

聚铝碳硅烷纤维预氧化过程组成结构演变的研究

采用热重-差热分析、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振等手段, 研究了聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)纤维预氧化过程中组成、结构演变的规律和反应机理. 结果表明, 空气中PACS纤维从210 ℃左右开始与氧发生放热反应; 随着预氧化温度的升高, 纤维的氧含量逐渐增加, 凝胶含量在氧增重为6～8 wt%时急剧增加, 纤维表面出现细小的微裂纹. 预氧化初期, 主要是Si—H键与氧的反应, 生成Si—O—Si键, 纤维的数均分子量急剧增加, 形成交联结构; 预氧化中期, Si—H键继续反应, Si—O—Si结构明显增多, 同时Si—CH₃和Si—H与氧反应, 生成少量的Si—O—C结构; 预氧化后期, 纤维完全交联, 纤维中存在SiC₄, SiC₃H, Si—O—Si和少量的Si—O—C结构.     

Evolution of Number State to Density Operator of Binomial Distribution in the Amplitude Dissipative Channel

We show that passing through the amplitude dissipative channel the initial pure number state density operator is evolved into the density operator of binomial distribution （a mixed state）, and the binomial distribution parameter is just equal to e^-2kt, where k is the dissipative parameter of the channel. We solve the corresponding master equation to obtain the operator-sum representation of the density operator by virtue of the entangled state representation, which seems to be a convenient approach.     

Evolving into Magnetars from Normal Pulsars with a Low Braking Index

Anomalous x-ray pulsars （AXPs） and soft gamma-ray repeaters （SCRs） are believed to be candidates for magnetars, and they are powered by the decay of ultra-strong magnetic fields of〉 1014 C. From the modified spin-down relation of pulsars P ∝P^2-n, we find that the Vela pulsar would evolve into the classes of magnetars under some assumptions that pulsars lose their rotational energy only by magnetic dipole radiation and the braking index is a constant. Our rough calculation indicates that only pulsars with n - 1.3 - 1.6 can evolve into magnetars. Pulsars like Vela with a low braking index may be the progenitors of AXPs and SCRs. Regarding the mechanism evolved into magnetars, we suggest that pulsars＇ surface magnetic field component may be increased by frequent glitches.     

沿极小势能轨迹从q〉1至q〈1位形演变

本文给出了沿极小势能轨迹从类托卡马克至反场箍缩(RFP)的演变。在反场箍缩条件下可允许用强等离子体电流充分加热等离子体到点火温度,而不需要辅助的中性束或射频加热系统。     

浅谈珠心算与头脑记忆影像之关连

由于时代演变科技日新月异,人们依赖珠算的计算功能已不如往昔,但社会各界专家、学者反而更重视珠算教育的功能性,而且学习年龄也逐渐下降,所有幼儿的课外学习几乎都有珠心算课程,学习心算似乎都得到家长的认同与支持。根据国内外学者研     

罗布泊遥感影像"耳纹"特征分析及其环境意义

研究典型干旱区的罗布泊,对揭示区域环境演变特征和全球变化具有重要意义.从遥感影像上的"耳纹"特征入手,通过光谱、土壤和地表参数等分析,认为:地表全盐含量和结构差异是形成罗布泊遥感影像"耳纹"特征的直接原因;光谱、全盐含量和土壤粒径的分析结果具有很好的一致性."耳纹"记录下了罗布泊地区的环境演变特征,这些特征表明:受全球环境影响,湖水在气候不断干旱的过程中逐渐干涸,干涸过程的气候调整,使罗布泊地区经历了两次相对湿润的气候环境,前一次较长,后一次很短.     

用函数单调性演变命题

编题者有时拐弯抹角地把命题变得陌生而复杂 ,如果同学们也懂得这种拐弯的手段 ,则你的解题能力将有所增强 .我们知道 ,当 ｆ(ｘ)为增函数时 ,有ｆ(ｘ) <ｆ( ｙ) ｘ <ｙ .你能将上述简单的事实拐弯得复杂一些吗 ?首先 ,手头准备几个增 (减 )函数 ,如ｆ(ｘ) =ｘ3 ｘ ,对于简单的不等式2ｘ -1<ｘ ,先拐一下弯 :ｆ( 2ｘ -1) <ｆ(ｘ) .然后两边分别用函数式代替得( 2ｘ -1) 3 ( 2ｘ -1) <ｘ3 ｘ ,即　 ( 2ｘ -1) 3 ｘ -1<ｘ3( 1)　　此时 ,你能解上述不等式吗 ?从而有什么收获 ?现在 ,我们继续用增函数 ｆ(ｘ) =3 ｘ ｌｏｇ2 ｘ去命题 .对于方…     

Henstock-Kurzweil 可积函数的Laplace 变换的反演定理

该文建立了Henstock-Kurzweil 可积函数的 Laplace变换, 讨论了其基本性质及解析性质, 得到Henstock-Kurzweil可积意义下的反演公式, 并给出反例说明这一结果不能改进