基于市场需求增加的双渠道闭环供应链定价机制研究

针对制造商开辟在线销售渠道现象的普及,考虑混合双渠道销售会增加产品的潜在需求,构建制造商与零售商分散、集中定价两种决策模型,利用博弈理论对模型进行求解分析,研究表明在双方分散、集中两种定价策略模型中,随着双渠道开通导致的市场需求率的增加,制造商的批发价、零售商的销售价格上调,零售商的回收价格下降,闭环供应链系统总利润则呈现先下降后上升的变化。最后,运用数值算例进一步验证和讨论双渠道销售导致的市场需求增加对闭环供应链系统定价策略、双方利润及系统渠道效率的影响。     

信息不对称下混合渠道零售商创新投入的供应链影响研究

通过建立Stackelberg博弈模型,研究了在混合渠道下零售商创新投入对供应链的影响,分析了零售商创新成本系数信息对称和不对称两种情况下各方的决策变量和利润受创新成本系数,制造商对零售商创新信息掌握的不确定性程度,需求转移系数,市场潜力及创新潜力等的影响关系。研究结果发现制造商总能通过信息分享受益,另外得到了零售商愿意分享成本信息以及使得供应链整体受益的条件,这些为制造商信息分享决策提供了依据。最后通过算例分析对结果进行了验证。     

基于GMCR的双渠道供应链价格冲突动态交互模型

在冲突分析图模型中,稳定性分析的均衡结果和决策者偏好信息之间存在一个动态反复的交互过程。为此,本文提出了基于GMCR的冲突分析动态交互理论,在偏好信息和均衡结果之间引入决策者的风险认知系统,以动态模拟冲突中决策者的风险认知、偏好信息与均衡解之间的交互关系。然后,构建了基于GMCR的双渠道供应链价格冲突动态交互模型,从冲突分析动态交互视角解释了价格战背后制造商和零售商的博弈行为,并有效预测了风险规避情况下双渠道供应链价格冲突的均衡结果,为供应链管理者提供了一套系统有效的冲突分析工具。     

考虑品牌差异的双渠道供应链减排与低碳宣传策略

针对双渠道供应链低碳减排、低碳宣传与品牌策略问题,构建微分博弈模型,运用汉密尔顿-雅可比-贝尔曼方程分别求得集中决策和Stackelberg博弈下的低碳减排投入、低碳宣传投入和低碳宣传分担率。研究发现:集中决策情形下产品的减排量始终高于Stackelberg博弈情形下的减排量;产品品牌差异化程度与制造商所承担零售商低碳宣传成本的比例呈正相关;供应链成员的最优低碳宣传策略除了与品牌差异程度相关,还取决于供应链成员在不同渠道边际利润的相对大小;存在一个低碳宣传成本分担率能够实现制造商和零售商协调。并用数值算例验证了本文的相关结论。     

Research on calibration method in lab of direct solar channels of Sun photometer

We develop a new calibration method in lab by measuring the absolute spectral irradiance responsivity of Sun photometer sun channel. The absolute power responsivity of Sun photometer is obtained when a white laser double monochromator system serve as a source, and a standard transfer detector calibrated against cryogenic absolute radiometer is assembled to measure the absolute power of laser beam. The effective area of aperture is measured through laser raster scanning method, and the relative spectral irradiance responsivity of the corresponding channel is obtained by using tungsten-halogen lamps double monoehromator system. On the basis of the above results, the top of the atmosphere responsive constants V0 （500, 675, and 870 nm） are obtained by integration with extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance data. Comparing the calibration results with that of CIMEL, France in November 2011, the relative differences are 4.38%, 2.23%, and 2.45%, respectively. The calibration uncertainty reaches to 2.048×10^-2, which shows a remarkable consistency with the Langley plot method. Further, our scheme can overcome the limits of space and atmospheric conditions which are only available at a high-altitude calibration site in particular date. The advantages lie in not only shortening the experiment period but also being of high precision. This new scheme definitely plays an important role in supporting the current and future sun photometry calibration activities which are significant to earth observation.     

政府干涉下双渠道回收的闭环供应链模型分析

考虑在政府的干涉措施下,讨论双渠道回收废旧品的闭环供应链管理模式问题。文章分别构建了无政府干涉下的独立决策模型、政府干涉下的独立决策模型和政府干涉下的合作决策模型;并且给出了相应模型的最优解。通过模型之间的比较分析,结合数值算例分析,得出结论:政府干涉下的合作决策模型是理想的闭环供应链管理模式,并给出相应的实现路径。而这种理想的管理模式的实现,需要有效的协调机制和有效的政府激励机制的合力。     

回收竞争的逆向供应链回收渠道的演化博弈分析

为了提高逆向供应链的运作效率,在两个回收商回收价格竞争的逆向供应链的市场结构下,应用演化博弈对逆向供应链回收渠道的决策进行了分析。文章首先描述了两条逆向供应链中处理商对不同回收渠道的选择,分析了两条逆向供应链上的处理商分别采取DD模式、DI模式、ID模式和II模式下逆向供应链的各成员的定价策略;然后运用演化博弈理论在市场机制下和政府参与回收补贴下对逆向供应链的回收渠道决策进行了分析;最后通过数值仿真了逆向供应链回收渠道系统的演化过程。研究结果表明:两条逆向供应链上的处理商都选择直接回收方式时的回收量最大和回收价格最高;回收市场的竞争程度影响回收渠道的演化结果;政府参与回收补贴可以促使处理商选择直接的回收方式的演化稳定策略,有利于整个社会系统。     

Two dimensional analytical solution for a partially vegetated compound channel flow

The theory of an eddy viscosity model is applied to the study of the flow in a compound channel which is partially vegetated. The governing equation is constituted by analyzing the longitudinal forces acting on the unit volume where the effect of the vegetation on the flow is considered as a drag force item, The compound channel is divided into 3 sub-regions in the transverse direction, and the coefficients in every region＇s differential equations were solved simultaneously. Thus, the analytical solution of the transverse distribution of the depth-averaged velocity for uniform flow in a partially vegetated compound channel was obtained. The results can be used to predict the transverse distribution of bed shear stress, which has an important effect on the transportation of sediment. By comparing the analytical results with the measured data, the analytical solution in this paper is shown to be sufficiently accurate to predict most hydraulic features for engineering design purposes.     

Multi-scale analysis of subgrid stress and energy dissipation in turbulent channel flow

In present study, the subgrid scale （SGS） stress and dissipation for multiscale formulation of large eddy simulation are analyzed using the data of turbulent channel flow at Ret = 180 obtained by direct numerical simulation. It is found that the small scale SGS stress is much smaller than the large scale SGS stress for all the stress components. The dominant contributor to large scale SGS stress is the cross stress between small scale and subgrid scale motions, while the cross stress between large scale and subgrid scale motions make major contributions to small scale SGS stress. The energy transfer from resolved large scales to subgrid scales is mainly caused by SGS Reynolds stress, while that between resolved small scales and subgrid scales are mainly due to the cross stress. The multiscale formulation of SGS models are evaluated a priori, and it is found that the small- small model is superior to other variants in terms of SGS dissipation.     

双渠道下制造商现金流套期保值决策研究

由于汇率、利率、商品价格的变化以及双渠道供应链关系的复杂性,企业的现金流存在较大的波动性。本文研究双渠道销售模式下,制造商对现金流进行套期保值的决策问题。重点关注垄断企业在拥有一个分销商和线上销售的双渠道销售模式下,并利用内部融资将现金流用于提高生产效率时,如何根据现金流的波动程度、市场需求、替代产品敏感系数以及批发价格进行套期保值决策。研究了双渠道销售模式下制造商的均衡问题,比较了两种决策下的均衡解,并通过数值分析给出了直观的结论：市场最大需求与替代产品敏感系数增加时,企业更倾向于选择套期保值;现金流波动程度与批发价格增加时,企业更倾向于不选择套期保值。