从学生课堂行为探讨中外大学课堂教学的差异性

以盐城工学院和澳大利亚阿德莱德大学为例,讨论了国内外大学课堂的学生课堂行为,分析了国内外大学课堂教学过程中学生的课堂行为的差异.研究认为目前国内的课堂教学过程尚处于低阶教育水平,且不利于学生培养高阶能力,而国外高校的很多做法却能够培养学生的批判性思维等高阶能力.这种差异的产生有着多方面的原因,并从学生、老师、大学和社会...     

A molecular mechanics approach for analyzing tensile nonlinear deformation behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this paper, by capturing the atomic information and reflecting the behaviour governed by the nonlinear potential function, an analytical molecular mechanics approach is proposed. A constitutive relation for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT’s) is established to describe the nonlinear stress-strain curve of SWCNT’s and to predict both the elastic properties and breaking strain of SWCNT’s during tensile deformation. An analysis based on the virtual internal bond (VIB) model proposed by P. Zhang et al. is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the proposed molecular mechanics approach is indeed an acceptable analytical method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of SWCNT’s. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10121202, 90305015 and 10328203), the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (0306) and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (HKU 7195/04E).     

CrN镀层的微粒磨损性能及其切削行为研究

在Teer UDP 550型闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀设备上制备CrN镀层,以球-盘方法测定的比磨损率和微粒磨损法测定的微粒磨损率评价CrN镀层的耐磨性能,采用高速钢镀层钻头的钻孔数评价镀层的切削性能.结果表明,CrN镀层的微粒磨损率对氮流量(用光谱发射因子OEM值控制)的变化很敏感,而比磨损率却不能反映这种由于氮流量变化带来的镀层结构和性能的变化.在不同偏压条件下所制备的镀层微粒磨损率变化不明显.当微粒磨损率低于某一值时,CrN镀层的钻孔寿命明显提高,而比磨损率则无此规律.     

容器形状和冻结行为对储能效率影响研究

本文采用计算流体力学分析方法,分析了冰储能过程中水的固-液相变行为和由此产生的自然对流现象的特征.特别地,本文着重研究了安装在冰储能器中的换热器周围的冻结行为和桥接过程对储能效率的影响.为了研究冻结行为和桥接过程中产生自然对流对储能效率的影响,改变了容器的高宽比,并采用椭圆形换热器以促进对流的形成.采用潜热与比热相结合...     

阿霉素在氧化铟锡电极上的电化学行为及其应用

阿霉素(ADM)在0.02 mol/L pH 7.50的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中,用氧化铟锡(ITO)电极进行线性扫描伏安法测定,得到一良好的还原峰,其峰电位为-0.63 V。峰电流与ADM浓度在1.0×10-7~5.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L。用循环伏安法研究了体系的电化学行为及电极反应机理。实验表明,该体系属两电子还原的不可逆过程。     

二茂铁基聚乙烯亚胺的制备及其电化学行为

通过N-烷基化反应将二茂铁十一烷基接枝到聚乙烯亚胺上,制备了一种新型的氧化还原型聚合物--二茂铁基聚乙烯亚胺(4),其结构经UV-Vis和13C NMR表征.用循环伏安法研究了4在二氯乙烷中的基本电化学行为,结果表明,4具有良好的氧化还原可逆性,是由扩散控制的准可逆过程.     

PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE ARREST MECHANISM IN TAILORED LAMINATED PLATES WITH A CUTOUT

This study addresses the effectiveness of a simple stiffness tailoring concept to delay damage initiation, control damage progression, and improve residual strength in tensile-loaded composite plates with a central circular cutout. The tailoring concept is to simply reposit all axially oriented （0°） material into regions near the edge of the plate away from the cutout. This tailoring is done in a way so as not to affect the weight of the plate. This accomplishes several beneficial changes in the way that the plate resists loading with no increases in material cost or weight. Lowering the axial stiffness of the laminate surrounding the cutout lowers the stress concentration. Increasing the axial stiffness near edges of the plate attracts loading away from the vicinity of the cutout to further lower stresses in the critical cutout region. This study focuses on in-plane response including damage progression and residual strength as a function of the degree of tailoring and cutout size. Strength and stiffness properties typical of IM7/8551-7 preperg material were assumed and a modified version of the Hashin failure criteria was used to identify the local damage. Results show that tailoring can significantly increase the damage initiation load and the residual strength. In some cases, observed evidence shows that tailoring performs as a damage arrest mechanism.     

四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的合成及聚集行为

对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与溴乙酸乙酯反应,得到锥式、1,2-交替、1,3-交替和部分锥式构象的四取代衍生物;将锥式、1,2-交替和1,3-交替构象的四乙酸乙酯取代衍生物在氨的甲醇溶液中进行氨解得到相应的酰胺产物.通过核磁研究比较了氨解产物的自聚集情况.锥式构象四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子在氯仿溶剂中的分子间作用力很弱,容易溶剂化,溶剂中核磁谱图不能观察到分子聚集;而1,2-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子间存在相当强的作用力,在氯仿中的溶解性较差,核磁谱图表明分子在氯仿溶剂中有分子聚集的现象.1,3-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子可以形成一定的聚集体,在高浓度时是聚集体的形式;在浓度较低或者加入酸予以破坏时,溶液中是以单体的形式存在.     

3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。