A New Car Following Model： Comprehensive Optimal Velocity Model

In this paper, we present a new car-following model, i.e. comprehensive optimal velocity model (COVM), whose optimal velocity function not only depends on the following distance of the preceding vehicle, but also depends on the velocity difference with preceding vehicle. Simulation results show that COVM is an improvement over the previous ones theoretically. Then, the stability condition of the model is obtained by the linear stability analysis, which has shown that the model could obtain a bigger stable region thanprevious models in the phase diagram. Through the nonlinear analysis, the Burgers, Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations are derived for the triangular shock wave, the soliton wave, and the kink-antikink soliton wave. At the same time, numerical simulations are also carried out to show that the model could simulate these density waves.     

Asymptotic properties of supercritical branching processes in random environments

We consider a supercritical branching process （Zn） in an independent and identically distributed random environment ξ, and present some recent results on the asymptotic properties of the limit variable W of the natural martingale Wn = Zn/E[Zn｜ξ], the convergence rates of W - Wn （by considering the convergence in law with a suitable norming, the almost sure convergence, the convergence in Lp, and the convergence in probability）, and limit theorems （such as central limit theorems, moderate and large deviations principles） on （log Zn）.     

Decay properties of Markovian bulk-arrival and bulk-service queues with state-independent control

We consider decay properties regarding decay parameter and invariant measures of Markovian bulk-arrival and bulk-service queues with state-independent control. The exact value of the decay parameter, denoted by λz, is firstly revealed. A criterion regarding ）λz-recurrence and λz-positive is obtained. The corresponding λz-subinvariant/invariant measures and λz-subinvariant/invariant vectors are then presented.     

区间规划问题的最优性条件

区间规划是带有区间参数的规划问题,是一种更易于求解实际问题的柔性规划。它是确定性优化问题的延伸,有区间线性规划和区间非线性规划两种形式。本文讨论了目标函数是区间函数的区间非线性问题。给出了区间规划问题最优性必要条件的较简单证明方法,并利用LU最优解的概念,在一类广义凸函数－(p,r)－ρ－(η,θ)－不变凸函数定义下讨论了最优性充分条件。     

混合层无粘稳定性分析的Legendre级数解

基于泛函分析中的不动点理论,采用不动点方法首次获得混合层无粘线性稳定性方程的显式Legendre级数解,该级数解在整个无界流动区域内一致有效．现有基于传统摄动法得到的无界流动区域一致有效解仅适用于长波扰动和中性扰动两种特殊情况,而使用不动点方法可以得到所有不稳定扰动波数的特征解．另外,在不动点方法框架下,扰动相速度和扰动增长率可根据方程的可解性条件来唯一确定．为了验证该方法的有效性,将该方法和现有文献中的数值计算结果相比较,对比结果表明该方法具有精度高、收敛快等优点．     

基本变量区域重要性测度及其稀疏网格解

为了提高现有基本变量对样本均值贡献的区域重要性测度指标的稳定性和收敛性, 提出了一个新的衡量基本变量内部各个区域对输出均值影响的重要性测度指标.并将其进一步扩展提出了一个衡量基本变量内部各个区域对输出总方差分解式中一阶方差影响的区域重要性测度指标.分析了所提指标的性质, 并探讨了它们与现有基本变量对样本均值贡献区域重要性测度指标和对样本方差贡献的区域重要性测度 指标之间的关系. 另外, 针对所提指标的特点, 还建立了其求解高效的稀疏网格积分法.算例结果表明, 所提新的基本变量对输出均值贡献的区域重要性测度指标不仅继承了现有指标的优点, 而且比现有指标具有更高的收敛性和稳定性.所提基本变量对一阶方差贡献的区域重要性指标能够在基本变量对样本方差贡献区域重要性测度的基础上, 进一步提供基本变量内部各个区域对总方差的一阶分量的影响信息.而所建稀疏网格积分法可以在保证计算精度的同时大幅度提高基本变量区域重要性分析的效率.     

Efficient three-step entanglement concentration for an arbitrary four-photon cluster state

We propose an entanglement concentration protocol to concentrate an arbitrary partially-entangled four-photon cluster state.As a pioneering three-step entanglement concentration scheme,our protocol only needs a single-photon resource to assist the concentration in each step,which makes this protocol more economical.With the help of the linear optical elements and weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity,one can obtain a maximally-entangled cluster state via local operations and classical communication.Moreover,the protocol can be iterated to obtain a higher success probability and is feasible under current experimental conditions.     

箱式约束变分不等式的一类新光滑gap函数

针对箱式约束变分不等式问题,利用一类积分型全局最优性条件,提出了一个新光滑gap函数．该光滑gap函数形式简单且具有较好的性质．利用该gap函数,箱式约束变分不等式可转化为等价光滑优化问题进行求解．进一步地,讨论了可保证等价光滑优化问题的任意聚点为箱式约束变分不等式问题解的条件．以一个简单的摩擦接触问题为例阐释了该方法的应用．最后,利用标准的变分不等式考题验证了方法的有效性．     

Gemini型表面活性剂疏水链中肉桂酸基团的光致二聚反应

采用紫外光谱、 红外光谱和质谱研究了Gemini型表面活性剂N,N'-二对丁氧基肉桂酰胺基胱氨酸钠(SDBCC)溶液的光化学反应过程和产物, 分析了SDBCC浓度对分子疏水链中肉桂酸基团光化学反应产物分布和光致二聚产率的影响. 结果表明, 在不同浓度下, SDBCC分子疏水链中的肉桂酸基团的光化学反应过程均以光致二聚反应为主, 且为分子内光致二聚产物. 但聚集体形成前后在光照过程中肉桂酸基团的光致二聚反应产率随SDBCC浓度的变化趋势不同, 聚集体形成前光致二聚反应产率随浓度的增加而增大, 聚集体形成后光致二聚反应产率随浓度的增大而减小. 综合光化学反应过程、 拓扑条件和聚集体结构进一步分析了胶束和囊泡的存在对SDBCC分子疏水链中肉桂酸基团光致二聚反应的影响.     

能源物质甲醇的绿色合成——以二氧化碳为碳源

结合高中生的反应方向、速率、催化剂知识以及对物质二氧化碳和氢气的认识,介绍用废气中二氧化碳作碳源合成甲醇的原理与发展前景,分析了其热力学、动力学原理以及反应条件的选择.为弥补现行高中化学教材的不足,特意较详细地介绍了催化剂的作用机理,以使高中生对催化剂作用原理产生具体认识.