对中学物理"难学难教"现象分析

中学物理“难学难教”似乎己成为多数物理教师和学生的共识，那么物理“难学难教”的涵义是什么？中学物理包括初中物理和高中物理，是不是初中物理和高中物理都存在“难学难教”的现象？笔者做过一次问卷调查，调查对象为初中的初二、初三两个年级学生和高中的高一、高二、高三三个年级学生．调查的内容是：在数学、物理、化学三科中，你认为哪一科最难学？哪一科比较难学？哪一科容易学？认为物理最难、比较难、容易的三项统计结果如表1所示。     

Fabrication of high-quality submicron Nb/Al--AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions

Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions are often used in the studies of macroscopic quantum phenomena and superconducting qubit applications of the Josephson devices. In this work, we describe a convenient and reliable process using electron beam lithography for the fabrication of high-quality, submicron-sized Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions. The technique follows the well-known selective Nb etching process and produces high-quality junctions with Vm=100 mV at 2.3 K for the typical critical current density of 2.2 kA/cm^2, which can be adjusted by controlling the oxygen pressure and oxidation time during the formation of the tunnelling barrier. We present the results of the temperature dependence of the sub-gap current and in-plane magnetic-field dependence of the critical current, and compare them with the theoretical predictions.     

颗粒物质的两个典型效应及其研究现状的分析

概述了颗粒物质领域中粮仓现象和巴西坚果效应两个典型现象及其解释理论，分析其理论的成功和不足之处，并给出了一些看法。     

多圆孔周期性银膜阵列结构的光学特性

提出一种多圆孔周期性银膜阵列结构,并利用时域有限差分算法探究该结构的光学特性。计算结果表明,当线性偏振光入射时,该结构表面激发出表面等离激元,且纳米孔间产生了局部表面等离子体共振,使得该结构的异常透射增强。针对这一现象,通过对中心孔与边孔所呈角度、入射光偏振角度、结构参数(中心孔直径、边孔直径、结构厚度、边孔与中心孔的间距)的调控来实现结构光学透射属性的优化。此外,分析所提结构在不同环境折射率条件下透射峰的变化规律,发现该结构也对周围的环境折射率具有较高的敏感度。因此该结构在表面等离激元滤波器和折射率传感器中具有广泛的应用前景。     

通断电自感综合演示实验

高三物理教材中的自感现象,大多是通过J2425型变压器原理说明器进行演示。有的学校可能没有,而且同用一件仪器,两次分别演示通电自感现象和断电自感现象,课堂上存在着操作麻烦的严重弊端,同时也不能给学生一个通断电自感的完整印象。为此,我对原演示实验进行了一些改进,不但能使通、断电自感现象一次完成,达到使用方便、印象完整的目的,而且还可观察断电后瞬时感生电流(电动势)的方向,有助于验证教材中所述“自感电动势总是阻碍导体中原来电流的变化的”这个结论。实验电路如图所示。     

Metamaterials and plasmonics: From nanoparticles to nanoantenna arrays,metasurfaces, and metamaterials

The rise of plasmonic metamaterials in recent years has unveiled the possibility of revolutionizing the entire field of optics and photonics, challenging well-established technological limitations and paving the way to innovations at an unprecedented level To capitalize the disruptive potential of this rising field of science and technology, it is important to be able to combine the richness of optical phenomena enabled by nanoplasmonics in order to realize metamaterial components, devices, and systems of increasing complexity. Here, we review a few recent research directions in the field of plasmonic metamaterials, which may foster further advancements in this research area. We will discuss the anomalous scattering features enabled by plasmonic nanoparticles and nanoclusters, and show how they may represent the fundamental building blocks of complex nanophotonic architectures. Building on these concepts, advanced components can be designed and operated, such as optical nanoantennas and nanoantenna arrays, which, in turn, may be at the basis of metasurface devices and complex systems. Following this path, from basic phenomena to advanced functionalities, the field of plasmonic metamaterials offers the promise of an important scientific and technological impact, with applications spanning from medical diagnostics to clean energy and information processing.     

The isolated critical value phenomenon in local－global riddling bifurcation

A chaotic synchronized system of two coupled skew tent maps is discussed in this paper. The locally and globally riddled basins of the chaotic synchronized attractor are studied. It is found that there is a novel phenomenon in the local－global riddling bifurcation of the attractive basin of the chaotic synchronized attractor in some specific coupling intervals. The coupling parameter corresponding to the locally riddled basin has a single value which is embedded in the coupling parameter interval corresponding to the globally riddled basin, just like a breakpoint. Also, there is no relation between this phenomenon and the form of the chaotic synchronized attractor. This phenomenon is found analytically. We also try to explain it in a physical sense. It may be that the chaotic synchronized attractor is in the critical state, as it is infinitely close to the boundary of its attractive basin. We conjecture that this isolated critical value phenomenon will be common in a system with a chaotic attractor in the critical state, in spite of the system being discrete or differential.     

偏光棱镜调制器调制光强扰动的理论分析

以格兰-泰勒棱镜为例，根据实验现象对透射光强随旋转角扰动的原因进行了理论分析。实验中发现，透射光强曲线随着入射角的微小变化而偏离马吕斯定律，出现了周期性扰动。通过格兰-泰勒棱镜的单色偏振光束产生的干涉，再加上晶体-空气隙界面处反射比的因素，使得出射光强依赖于入射角。引入了扰动因子的概念，并系统讨论了扰动因子所造成的影响，从而得出了减小扰动的方法。理论研究结果与实验符合较好。为偏光棱镜的优化设计、生产及使用提供了理论基础。     

卷积算子的Gibbs现象

本文建立了一般卷积算子在函数的第一类间断点处有Gibbs现象的刻画定理,并且给出了某些例子.